13. 1958\u2019de Bulgar Kom\u00fcnist Partisi Merkez Komitesinde \u00f6zel bir Dil Komisyonu kurulmu\u015ftu. Bu Komisyonun g\u00f6revi T\u00fcrk yaz\u0131 dilinin s\u00f6z varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Bulgarca kelimeler kazand\u0131r\u0131larak T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi \u201czenginle\u015ftirmek\u201d, hatta T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin gramer yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, c\u00fcmle kurulu\u015fu kurallar\u0131n\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015ftirmekti. Komisyonun \u00f6nerisi \u00fczere bir liste haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ve T\u00fcrk yaz\u0131 dilinin s\u00f6z varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bir\u00e7ok Bulgarca kelimenin \u201ckazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d zorunlu h\u00e2l al\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7\u0131kan bas\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu listedeki kelime ve ifadelerin kullan\u0131m\u0131na ge\u00e7ilir .
\nBulgaristan\u2019da olup bitenlerden d\u00fcnya habersizdi veya olup bitenlere g\u00f6z yumuluyordu. T\u00fcrklerin tepkisi gecikmedi. Yeniden bir g\u00f6\u00e7 s\u00f6ylentisi yay\u0131ld\u0131. 1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda 380 bin T\u00fcrk T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuruda bulundu. Bulgaristan\u2019da geli\u015fen olaylar yabanc\u0131 bas\u0131nda yank\u0131 bulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bulgar makamlar\u0131 bundan rahats\u0131z oldu ve 1964-1968 d\u00f6neminde ge\u00e7ici olarak geri ad\u0131m att\u0131lar. 28 Ocak 1964\u2019te Bulgaristan Kom\u00fcnist Partisi Siyas\u00ee B\u00fcrosu 22 No\u2019lu bir Karar al\u0131r. Bu Karar do\u011frultusunda T\u00fcrklerin e\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc konular\u0131nda bir yumu\u015fama politikas\u0131 izlenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.
\nAncak 1970\u2019lerde durum k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fti ve olaylar giderek t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1980\u2019lerin ortas\u0131nda T\u00fcrk kimli\u011finin tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrklerin adlar\u0131 da Bulgar adlar\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek Bulgaristan\u2019da T\u00fcrk olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 resmen il\u00e2n edildi. Okulda, orduda, sokakta, i\u015f yerinde, evde bile T\u00fcrklerin birbiri aralar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk adlar\u0131yla birbirlerine hitap etmesi yasakland\u0131. Bulgarca bilmeyen ya\u015fl\u0131lar hastahanelere al\u0131nmad\u0131, bu gibilerine bakkal ve marketten ekmek vb. temel besin mallar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131 da yasakland\u0131\u2026
\nBulgar e\u011fitimciler en k\u00f6t\u00fc bir y\u00f6ntem de uygulad\u0131lar: Bulgar \u00f6\u011fretmenler, en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011frencileri dahi zorlay\u0131p, bunlar\u0131n ailelerinde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fuldu\u011funa dair bilgi toplad\u0131lar. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan aile bireylerinin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda gereken devlet makamlar\u0131yla i\u015fbirli\u011fine gittiler. Pedagoji normlar\u0131yla ba\u011fda\u015fmayan bu durum be\u015f y\u0131l (1984\/5-1989) s\u00fcrd\u00fc.
\n\u0130nsanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 daha bir\u00e7ok hareketlerde bulunuldu. Totaliter rejim idarecileri, etkisi uzun s\u00fcrecek daha bir harekette bulundular: T\u00fcrklerle Bulgarlar\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde Bulgarlar\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirerek T\u00fcrk kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131 takip ettirdiler, devriye gezdirdiler ve ailelerinde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan, evde geleneksel k\u0131yafetlerini giyenlere ceza kestirdiler. On y\u0131llardan beri s\u00fcregelen iyi kom\u015fuluk ve dostluk ili\u015fkilerini b\u00f6ylelikle koparm\u0131\u015f oldular .
\n\u0130dar\u00ee y\u00f6ntemlerle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ad de\u011fi\u015ftirme kampanyas\u0131na \u201csoya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d, \u201cuyan\u0131\u015f s\u00fcreci\u201d dendi. Okullarda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir facia ya\u015fand\u0131. Bulgar \u00f6\u011fretmenler seferber edilerek geceli g\u00fcnd\u00fczl\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar ve k\u0131sa zamanda okullarda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc belge yenilendi, T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011fretmen ve \u00f6\u011frencilerin T\u00fcrk adlar\u0131n\u0131n yerine Bulgar adlar\u0131 yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Bu ac\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi bir\u00e7ok Bulgar \u00f6\u011fretmen de a\u011f\u0131r ya\u015fad\u0131. Bir Bulgar bayan \u00f6\u011fretmenin anlatt\u0131klar\u0131ndan \u015funlar\u0131 aktaral\u0131m: \u201cOkulda T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin hepsi g\u00f6revden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bir tanesi b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, m\u00fckemmel Bulgarca konu\u015fuyordu. Onu da b\u0131rakmamal\u0131yd\u0131lar. \u00c7ok ac\u0131 verici bir olayd\u0131 bu, s\u0131n\u0131fta kendi o\u011fluna bile Mehmet diyece\u011fine Martin, diye sesleniyordu. \u0130lk g\u00fcnlerde \u00f6\u011fretmenler odas\u0131na her girdi\u011finde bu arkada\u015f\u0131m\u0131z a\u011fl\u0131yordu\u201d .
\nT\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011fretmenler (ve \u00f6teki baz\u0131 ayd\u0131nlar) 1985\u2019in Ocak ay\u0131nda g\u00f6revlerinden al\u0131narak cezaevlerine, Bulgarlar\u0131n yo\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere, Belene \u00d6l\u00fcm Adas\u0131na ve ba\u015fka kamplara g\u00f6nderildiler, yerlerine b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerden Bulgar \u00f6\u011fretmenler atanarak bunlara iki \u00fc\u00e7 kat daha y\u00fcksek maa\u015f ba\u011fland\u0131. Hepsine lojman sa\u011fland\u0131. O d\u00f6nemde Bulgaristan Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 g\u00f6revinde bulunan \u201csoya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d s\u00fcrecinin uygulanmas\u0131nda aktif rol oynayan ve Sofya \u00dcniversitesinin eski rekt\u00f6r\u00fc tarih\u00e7i \u0130l\u00e7o Dimitrov, yeni atanan \u00f6\u011fretmenleri T\u00fcrk b\u00f6lgelerine g\u00f6nderirken bunlara b\u00fcy\u00fck patriotlar (vatanseverler) dedi. Ancak maa\u015flardaki haks\u0131zl\u0131k, T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011frencilerin okudu\u011fu okullarda uzun y\u0131llardan beri \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapmakta olan Bulgar \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin sert tepkisine yol a\u00e7t\u0131 ve bu Bulgar \u00f6\u011fretmenler yeni atanm\u0131\u015f olanlara: patriot de\u011fil, pariot (vatansever de\u011fil, paraseverler) ad\u0131n\u0131 verdiler.
\nBulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin tarihinde emsali g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f olaylar ya\u015fand\u0131. E\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alanda kalk\u0131nma yoluyla T\u00fcrk toplumunun Bulgar halk\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesi \u00e7ok zaman alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye de g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirmek kolay olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131nca totaliter rejim yetkilileri \u201csoya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcreci\u201dni ba\u015flatarak bir iki ay i\u00e7erisinde idar\u00ee y\u00f6ntemlerle, ordunun da kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla T\u00fcrkleri \u201cBulgar\u201d yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar, dil, din, ad, gelenek denen her unsuru yasaklad\u0131lar. Sonra da y\u00fcz binlerce T\u00fcrk\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ettiler.
\nB\u00fcy\u00fck tarih\u00ee emelleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerine birtak\u0131m haklar verilmi\u015f, baz\u0131 fedak\u00e2rl\u0131klar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Emeller suya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce de Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerine soyk\u0131r\u0131m uygulanmas\u0131na kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrklere yap\u0131lan bu insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fkenceler ve 1989 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n yaz aylar\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmeleri, Bulgaristan\u2019da politik olaylar\u0131n geli\u015fmesini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131.I. Demokrasiye Ge\u00e7i\u015f S\u00fcrecinde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e E\u011fitimi<\/p>\n
Totaliter rejim y\u00f6neticilerinin 1989\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00f6\u00e7\u201d, \u00fclkedeki ya\u015fam temposunu alt \u00fcst etti. Y\u00fczbinlerce T\u00fcrk T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 edince bir\u00e7ok alanda i\u015f\u00e7iye ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu, baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde sa\u011fl\u0131k memuru, ebe, hem\u015fire, \u015fof\u00f6r gibi g\u00f6revlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 minimuma d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bulgar \u00f6\u011fretmenler aras\u0131nda ise b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015fsizlik ba\u015flad\u0131 . \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00f6\u00e7\u2019te T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011frenciler g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f, bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgede okullar \u00f6\u011frencisiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\n10 Kas\u0131m 1989\u2019da Bulgaristan Kom\u00fcnist Partisi Genel Sekreteri ve Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Todor Jivkov iktidardan indi ve \u00fclkede demokrasiye bir ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci ba\u015flad\u0131. 29 Aral\u0131k 1989 tarihinde Bulgaristan Devlet Konseyi ve Bakanlar Kurulu, \u201csoya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcreci\u201d d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yolsuzluklar\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Al\u0131nan kararlarla T\u00fcrklere az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131 verilece\u011fi veya en az\u0131ndan baz\u0131 imtiyazlar sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 demek de\u011fil, sadece Anayasan\u0131n garantiledi\u011fi ki\u015fi haklar\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir . 1984-1985 y\u0131llar\u0131nda zorla de\u011fi\u015ftirilen T\u00fcrk adlar\u0131n\u0131n iade edilece\u011fi, T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n okullarda ana dilinde de dersleri olaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylentileri yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Daha o g\u00fcnlerde T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin haftada ka\u00e7 saat okutulmas\u0131 sorunu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Haftada en az d\u00f6rt saat okutulmas\u0131 \u00f6nerildi ve daha sonralar\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde bu \u00f6neri a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131n yazar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n temsilcileri, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e e\u011fitime anaokulunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck ya\u015f grubundan ba\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131, yani okul \u00f6ncesi ya\u015fta \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ana dilini \u00f6\u011frenmeye ba\u015flamalar\u0131n\u0131 istiyorlard\u0131. Resm\u00ee Bulgar temsilcileri ise T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n Bulgarcay\u0131 \u00f6renmelerine T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin bir engel yarataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu y\u00fczden de ikinci, hatta \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131fta haftada iki veya \u00fc\u00e7 saat T\u00fcrk\u00e7e okutulmas\u0131nda \u0131srarl\u0131yd\u0131lar. Tart\u0131\u015fmalar \u00e7ok s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve 1990-1991 ders y\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ders okutulmadan sona erdi.
\nTemmuz 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n yeni Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n 36. maddesinde: \u201cAna dilleri Bularca olmayan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n, Bulgarcay\u0131 zorunlu olarak \u00f6\u011frenmelerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, kendi ana dilini de \u00f6\u011frenme ve kullanma haklar\u0131 vard\u0131r\u201d denilmekteydi . Evet, 1971 Anayasas\u0131nda da az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n ana dilini \u00f6\u011frenme ve kullanma haklar\u0131 garantiye al\u0131nmaktayd\u0131. Ancak ger\u00e7ekler ba\u015fkayd\u0131\u2026 T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 yeni Anayasan\u0131n 36. maddesine dayanarak ana dilinde e\u011fitim konusunu bir numaral\u0131 sorun olarak yeniden ortaya koydular.
\nOkullarda T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden de ders yapmalar\u0131 E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca devaml\u0131 erteleniyordu. Buna bir tepki olarak T\u00fcrkler faaliyete ge\u00e7ti ve T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011frenciler dersleri boykot ederek haftalarca okula gitmediler. Baz\u0131 T\u00fcrk anne-babalar taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7l\u0131k grevi ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin okutulmas\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131 almak mecburiyetinde kald\u0131. Bu karara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan Bulgar \u00f6\u011frencilerin anne ve babalar\u0131, baz\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmenler ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u015foven gruplar okul kap\u0131lar\u0131na y\u0131\u011f\u0131larak T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011frencilerin okula girmelerini engellediler, trenleri durdurdular, ana yollar\u0131 kestiler.
\nBu arada Parlamento se\u00e7imleri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurulmu\u015ftu. T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin okutulmas\u0131 karara ba\u011fland\u0131, ancak \u00f6teki dersler gibi zorunlu de\u011fil de, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n iste\u011fine b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yordu.
\n1993\u2019te Bilim ve E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ders program\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor: \u201cT\u00fcrk dilinin okutulmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131 \u015fu anda bir ge\u00e7i\u015f a\u015famas\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu ge\u00e7i\u015f a\u015famas\u0131, T\u00fcrk dilinin on y\u0131llar s\u00fcresince okullarda okutulmamas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Bu dil, totaliter rejim taraf\u0131ndan yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrk dili \u00f6\u011fretimine ge\u00e7en ders y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ikinci y\u0131l\u0131nda (\u015eubat 1992) ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu \u00f6\u011fretimin amac\u0131, Bulgaristan Cumhuriyeti\u2019ndeki T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131nda III-VIII. s\u0131n\u0131flarda ana dilinde okuma yazma beceri ve al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r.
\nBu ders y\u0131l\u0131ndan (1993\/94) itibaren ise T\u00fcrk dili \u00f6\u011fretimi ikinci bir a\u015famaya ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u00d6\u011fretim I-VIII. s\u0131n\u0131flarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecektir .
\n1994\/95 ders y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrk dili \u00f6\u011fretimine ili\u015fkin bir kararname \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131 ve Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131nland\u0131. Bakanlar Kurulunun bu kararnamesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
DEVLET GAZETES\u0130 (Resm\u00ee Gazete),
\nSay\u0131 73, Tarih 09.09.1994 \u2013 Sayfa 3<\/p>\n
KARARNAME No: 183<\/p>\n
TAR\u0130H 05.09.1994<\/p>\n
Bulgaristan Cumhuriyeti Okullar\u0131nda Ana Dili E\u011fitimine Dair<\/p>\n
BAKANLAR KURULU KARARI:<\/p>\n
Madde 1. (1) Ana dili Bulgarca olmayan \u00f6\u011frenciler kendi ana dilini I. s\u0131n\u0131ftan VIII. s\u0131n\u0131fa kadar \u00f6\u011fretim pl\u00e2n\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda Belediye okullar\u0131nda serbest se\u00e7meli ders olarak \u00f6\u011frenebilirler.
\n(2) Ana dili e\u011fitimi haftada 4 saat olmak \u00fczere program (y\u00fck\u00fc) kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\nMadde 2. (1) \u00d6\u011frenci, ana dilini okuyaca\u011f\u0131na dair istek beyanat\u0131nda bulunur, kendi imzas\u0131 veya ya\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fundan, velisi taraf\u0131ndan imzalanm\u0131\u015f dilek\u00e7eyle bildirir.
\nMadde 3. Bulgarcay\u0131 iyi bilmeyen \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in, okula ba\u015flamazdan bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce, okul m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc belediye y\u00f6neticileriyle ortak karara vararak \u00e7ocuklara Bulgarcay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmek i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 olu\u015fturulabilir.
\nMadde 4. Ana dili e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in gereken kitaplar, \u00f6\u011frenciler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denmez. Gereken mal\u00ee i\u015fler, \u00f6teki genel e\u011fitim derslerine ait kitaplar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 yolu ve ko\u015fullar\u0131nca yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\nMadde 5. Ana dili e\u011fitimine ait gerekli masraf, belediye b\u00fct\u00e7esinden kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r.
\n\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026
\nBa\u015fbakan: L\u00fcben BEROV<\/p>\n
Kararname do\u011frultusunda E\u011fitim ve Bilim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu y\u00f6nergede de \u015fu ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar vard\u0131r:
\n\u201c1. I-VIII. s\u0131n\u0131f \u00f6\u011frencilerinden ana dili Bulgarca olmayanlar orta genel \u00f6\u011fretim okullar\u0131 e\u011fitim pl\u00e2n\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda belediye okullar\u0131nda se\u00e7meli bir ders olarak kendi ana dillerini okuyabilirler.
\n2. Ana dili e\u011fitiminin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi s\u00fcrecinde g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gereken hususlar:
\n2.1. Okulun sahip oldu\u011fu ara\u00e7 gere\u00e7, malzeme ve kadro durumu,
\n2.2. E\u011fitim, devlet taleplerine g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmal\u0131,
\n2.3. Ana dili \u00f6\u011fretimi E\u011fitim ve Bilim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca onaylanm\u0131\u015f evrak do\u011frultusunda yap\u0131lmal\u0131,
\n2.4. \u00d6\u011frencilerin ana dilini okumaya hevesi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131,
\n3. Ana dili e\u011fitimi, s\u0131n\u0131flarda haftada 4 saat olarak saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r,
\n4. Her \u00f6\u011frenci, ana dilini okumaya ba\u015flarken istek beyanat\u0131 sunar. Ders y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda, 19.09 – 22.09 tarihleri aras\u0131nda, her \u00f6\u011frenci okul m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcne velisi taraf\u0131ndan imzalanm\u0131\u015f bir dilek\u00e7e sunar,
\nBa\u015fka okula ge\u00e7i\u015f yaparken \u00f6\u011frenci, ana dili e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in yeniden ba\u015fvuruda bulunur,
\n5. Paragraf 4\u2019te belirtildi\u011fi gibi, velisi taraf\u0131ndan imzalanm\u0131\u015f dilek\u00e7eyi okul m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcne sunarak \u00f6\u011frenci, ana dili e\u011fitiminden vazge\u00e7me hakk\u0131na sahiptir,
\n\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n
1. \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 (T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden) Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 zay\u0131f (2) olan \u00f6\u011frenci, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7er, b\u00fct\u00fcnleme s\u0131nav\u0131na da girmesi zorunlu de\u011fildir\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u201d
\nBelediye okullar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin okutulmas\u0131na dair \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nerge ve emirnamelerde daha \u015funlar vard\u0131r:
\n– En az 14 \u00f6\u011frenci ana dilini okuma iste\u011finde bulundu\u011fu takdirde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e gruplar olu\u015fturulur,
\n– Okulda T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden ders verecek \u00f6\u011fretmen bulundu\u011fu takdirde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ders okutabilir,
\n– \u00d6\u011frenci, serbest se\u00e7meli olarak ana dilini okumay\u0131 tercih ederse, yabanc\u0131 dil derslerine ve din dersine girmeye hakk\u0131 yoktur,
\n– Bulgarcay\u0131 iyi bilmeyen \u00f6\u011frenci, Bulgarcay\u0131 daha iyi \u00f6\u011frenebilmesi i\u00e7in Bulgarca ek dersleri se\u00e7meli olarak tercih ederse, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011fretiminden mahrum edilmektedir,
\n– \u00d6\u011frencinin diplomas\u0131na ana dili dersi ve g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ba\u015far\u0131 yaz\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011frenciler, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e derslere devam etmemeleri i\u00e7in daha bir s\u0131ra zorluklar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\n1990 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra belediye okullar\u0131nda I-VIII. s\u0131n\u0131flarda 97 000\u2019in \u00fczerinde bulunan T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011frencilere (ki bunlardan sadece 35-40 000 kadar\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ders g\u00f6rebiliyorlard\u0131). T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dersleri okutacak \u00f6\u011fretmen bulmak da bir problem oldu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1989 B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00f6\u00e7\u2019\u00fc zorunlu olarak \u00f6\u011fretmenleri al\u0131p \u00f6nceki b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7lerde de oldu\u011fu gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, okullar yine \u00f6\u011fretmensiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 000 \u00f6\u011frenciye 960 \u00f6\u011fretmen bulunabildi, bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun pedagojik formasyonu yoktu.
\n1991\u2019de Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Co\u011frafya Fak\u00fcltesi b\u00fcnyesinde Bulgar Dili ve Edebiyat\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. 1992\u2019de \u015eumnu Y\u00fcksek Pedagoji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde T\u00fcrk Dili ve Edebiyat\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. 1993\u2019te h\u00e2len Filibe \u00dcniversitesine ba\u011fl\u0131 K\u0131rcaali \u00d6\u011fretmen Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden eleman yeti\u015ftirme s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.
\nT\u00fcrk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman gen\u00e7lere din\u00ee haz\u0131rl\u0131k verecek okullar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131nda zorluk \u00e7ekilmedi, m\u00fccadele edilmedi. Bulgar makamlar\u0131 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yar\u0131 Y\u00fcksek (\u00d6nlisans) \u0130sl\u00e2m Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ve \u015eumnu\u2019da \u0130mam Hatip Lisesi (N\u00fcvvab) a\u00e7t\u0131. Ertesi ders y\u0131l\u0131nda Rus\u00e7uk ve Mestanl\u0131\u2019da (Mom\u00e7ilgrat\u2019ta) birer \u0130mam Hatip Lisesi a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.
\nYar\u0131 Y\u00fcksek (\u00d6nlisans) \u0130sl\u00e2m Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Mart 1998 y\u0131l\u0131 ilkbahar\u0131nda \u00fcniversite d\u00fczeyinde Y\u00fcksek \u0130sl\u00e2m Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc durumuna getirildi, \u00f6\u011fretim s\u00fcresi de 5 y\u0131la \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130mam Hatip Okullar\u0131 T. C. Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n madd\u00ee deste\u011fi sayesinde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. \u00d6\u011fretmen ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n giderilebilmesinde de yard\u0131mc\u0131 olunmaktad\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek \u0130sl\u00e2m Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc de Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca desteklenmektedir. \u00d6\u011fretimde de T\u00fcrkiyeli uzmanlar yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r.
\nTotaliter rejime son verilir verilmez, 20-25 y\u0131l bir aradan sonra T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ders kitaplar\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131na ba\u015fland\u0131.
\n4.01.1990 tarihinde kurulan Haklar ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Hareketi (H\u00d6H) T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ders kitaplar\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba harc\u0131yordu. O co\u015fkulu aylarda geceli g\u00fcnd\u00fczl\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131larak her s\u0131n\u0131fa birer T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ders kitab\u0131 haz\u0131rland\u0131 . H\u00d6H Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ahmet Do\u011fan\u2019\u0131n imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00fcst yaz\u0131larla kitaplar Bulgaristan E\u011fitim ve Bilim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi ve bunlar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilip onaylanmas\u0131 iste\u011finde bulunuldu. \u00dcst yaz\u0131lar\u0131n birinden \u015funlar\u0131 aktaral\u0131m:<\/p>\n
Say\u0131n Bakan,<\/p>\n
\u2026\u2026\u2026H\u00d6H Merkez Y\u00f6netim Konseyi, yazarlar ekipleri g\u00f6revlendirerek I. \u2013 XI. s\u0131n\u0131flarda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011fretimi i\u00e7in ders kitaplar\u0131 haz\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak amac\u0131yla bu kitaplar haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131lar\u0131 H\u00d6H\u2019te uzmanlarca da incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ekte sunulan I-VIII. s\u0131n\u0131f T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zca de\u011ferlendirilip onaylanmas\u0131n\u0131 arz eder, sayg\u0131lar sunar\u0131m.<\/p>\n
Sofya, 30.10.1990 \u0130mza ve M\u00fch\u00fcr<\/p>\n
Kitaplar incelendi, I. s\u0131n\u0131f alfabe kitab\u0131na verilen \u201c\u00d6zlenen Alfabe\u201d ad\u0131 inceleyenlerden biri taraf\u0131ndan uygun bulunmad\u0131. Daha birka\u00e7 ufak-tefek d\u00fczeltmelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilerek olumlu de\u011fer verildi. Ancak mal\u00ee s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar sebep g\u00f6sterilerek bunlar\u0131n bas\u0131lmas\u0131 devaml\u0131 ertelendi. Bu arada kitaplar fotokopide \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.
\nBundan ba\u015fka, T. C. Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki okullara ders kitab\u0131 olarak onaylam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kitaplar\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011finde %20 oran\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131larak, bunlar Bulgaristan ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun bir duruma getirilmi\u015ftir: Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na, Bulgar klasiklerine yer verilmi\u015ftir. De\u011fi\u015fiklikler Bulgaristan\u2019daki T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131nlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir ekip taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131p yeni bir i\u00e7erik kazanm\u0131\u015f olan bu kitaplar uluslar aras\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin madd\u00ee deste\u011fiyle Sofya\u2019da 1992\u2019de bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk\u00e7e e\u011fitiminin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc durumu. Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ana dilinde de \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6rmesi konusunda herhangi bir olumlu geli\u015fme kaydedilmi\u015f de\u011fildir, hatta durum k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitmektedir denebilir. Bulgaristan\u2019daki T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 durumun son derece vahim oldu\u011funu yaz\u0131yorlar . 2001 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana haftada 4 ders saati de\u011fil de II., III. ve IV. s\u0131n\u0131flarda 2 ders saatine, I., V., VI., VII. ve VIII. s\u0131n\u0131flarda da 3 ders saatine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 kayg\u0131 vericidir.
\nYukar\u0131da da belirtildi\u011fi gibi, 1990 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan kararname ve y\u00f6nergelerde, 1998\u2019de kabul edilen yeni E\u011fitim Yasas\u0131nda da temel e\u011fitim devlet okullar\u0131nda ana dili derslerine serbest se\u00e7meli dersler listesinde ve haftal\u0131k ders program\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yer verilmektedir. T\u00fcrk dili, yabanc\u0131 diller listesine al\u0131narak T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011frencilerin T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden ders g\u00f6rmeleri imk\u00e2ns\u0131z bir h\u00e2l almaktad\u0131r.
\nBulgaristan makamlar\u0131 \u201cgerekli talep yok, yeterli say\u0131da T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011fretmeni yok\u201d diyorlar. \u00d6te yandan ise K\u0131rcaali Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ve \u015eumnu Pedagoji \u00dcniversitesindeki T\u00fcrk Dili ve Edebiyat\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 konusu g\u00fcndeme getirildi. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde fazlas\u0131yla \u00f6\u011fretmen yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi ve bu mezunlar\u0131n i\u015f bulamad\u0131klar\u0131 esas sebep olarak vurgulan\u0131yor. T\u00fcrk Dili ve Edebiyat\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na gidilirse, Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin e\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne yeni bir darbe indirilmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Biliyoruz ki e\u011fitim, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn temelini olu\u015fturur, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fmenin temeli, e\u011fitimdir. Demokrasi yolunu se\u00e7mi\u015f Bulgaristan, az\u0131nl\u0131klara uygulamakta oldu\u011fu politikada bir hayli mesafe ald\u0131, bir\u00e7ok alanda olumlu geli\u015fmeler kaydetti. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e e\u011fitimi konusunda da gereken tedbirler al\u0131narak T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011frenciler ana dili derslerinden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmayabilir. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e derslerinin zorunlu ders kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131yla bu alanda da ya\u015fanmakta olan sorunlar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fabilir .
\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7e ders kitaplar\u0131 bas\u0131lmas\u0131 da cidd\u00ee bir sorundur. 1990 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana E\u011fitim ve Bilim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu konuda g\u00f6revine d\u00fc\u015feni yapabilirdi. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011fretmenleri belki de hakl\u0131 olarak: \u201cT\u00fcrk dili \u00f6\u011fretimi i\u00e7in E\u011fitim ve Bilim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mal\u00ee imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 yok da Bulgarcadan alfabe kitab\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6rt varyantta bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in paray\u0131 nereden buluyor?\u201d Diye soruyor ve dert yan\u0131yorlar .
\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7enin okutulmakta oldu\u011fu baz\u0131 ilk\u00f6\u011fretim okullar\u0131nda Bulgar \u00f6\u011frencilerden de T\u00fcrk\u00e7e derslerine devam edenler vard\u0131r. Bir kom\u015fu \u00fclkenin dilini \u00f6\u011frenmek g\u00fczel bir \u015feydir. T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011frencilerin de hem ana dili, hem de kom\u015fu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de resm\u00ee bir dil oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden okur yazar olmalar\u0131 normal kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e E\u011fitimine T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Katk\u0131s\u0131
\nDers Kitaplar\u0131. Yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z konusu olan ve Haklar ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Hareketinin bir vatanda\u015fl\u0131k g\u00f6revi olarak haz\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ders kitaplar\u0131, yazarlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan biraz geni\u015fletilerek bunlar\u0131n bas\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in T. C. Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuruda bulunulmu\u015ftur. Bakanl\u0131k, Bulgaristan E\u011fitim ve Bilim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yaz\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunup, kitaplar Sofya\u2019da de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. \u201cBen Seninle Var\u0131m\u201d adl\u0131 bir \u015fiir d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, kalan her yaz\u0131n\u0131n uygun g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Ankara\u2019ya bildirildikten sonra bunlar\u0131n bas\u0131lmas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.
\nI.-VIII. s\u0131n\u0131f ders kitaplar\u0131 1997-2000 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde (her s\u0131n\u0131fa 10\u2019ar bin, toplam 80 bin adet) bas\u0131larak Bulgaristan\u2019a g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Her kitab\u0131n i\u00e7 kapa\u011f\u0131nda \u015funlar yaz\u0131l\u0131: \u201cKitap haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken Bulgaristan genel e\u011fitim okullar\u0131nda uygulanmakta olan e\u011fitim y\u00f6ntemlerine uyulmu\u015ftur.\u201d \u00d6ns\u00f6z\u2019de de \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klama var: \u201c\u0130lkokul ve ortaokul T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ders kitaplar\u0131, yazarlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k beklenmeden haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T. C. Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca da bu ikinci bask\u0131lar\u0131 yap\u0131larak Bulgaristan E\u011fitim ve Bilim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d Kitaplar\u0131n arka kapa\u011f\u0131nda da: \u201cParayla sat\u0131lmaz\u201d yaz\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130lkokul I.-IV. s\u0131n\u0131f T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ders kitaplar\u0131 1997-1999 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Bulgaristan E\u011fitim ve Bilim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilerek bunlar T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dersi okutulan okullara da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda da ortaokul (V.-VIII. s\u0131n\u0131f) ders kitaplar\u0131 g\u00f6nderildi. Ancak Bulgaristan g\u00f6revlileri T\u00fcrkiye-Bulgaristan \u201cKap\u0131kule-Kapitan Andreevo\u201d s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131s\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n Bulgaristan\u2019a girmesine izin vermedi. \u0130dareye gelen yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmetin baz\u0131 konularda tutumu ba\u015fkayd\u0131. Bulgar gazetelerinin birinde de: \u201cT\u00fcrkiye, \u00fclkemizi T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ders kitaplar\u0131yla dolduruyor\u201d, \u015feklinde bir yaz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u2026 Demokrasi yolunu se\u00e7mi\u015f Bulgaristan\u2019da T\u00fcrk\u00e7e derslerine ait T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ders kitaplar\u0131 bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinin yard\u0131m\u0131 sadece yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131mlamakla kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.1992 ve 1993 y\u0131llar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumundan, T. C. K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bir hayli kitap ba\u011f\u0131\u015f olarak Bulgaristan\u2019a g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Haziran 1998 tarihinde de T. C. K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, T. C. D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanal\u0131yla \u201cT\u00fcrkiye D\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk Edebiyatlar\u0131 Antolojisi serisinden 8. Cildi olu\u015fturan \u201cBulgaristan T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131\u201dndan 500 adet g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin az\u0131nl\u0131k tarihi boyunca T\u00fcrk\u00e7e e\u011fitim zor d\u00f6nemler ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sava\u015flar, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7ler T\u00fcrkleri az\u0131nl\u0131k durumuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, Bulgar h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin de T\u00fcrklere y\u00f6nelik politikalar\u0131 bu halk\u0131n sosyal, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fmesini engellemi\u015ftir.
\nT\u00fcrk okullar\u0131 \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131na kadar \u00f6zel okul stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde kalm\u0131\u015f, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklere kar\u015f\u0131n ayakta durmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f ve e\u011fitim T\u00fcrk dilinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\n\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra T\u00fcrk okullar\u0131 devletle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve birtak\u0131m i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f fakt\u00f6rlerin etkisiyle T\u00fcrk\u00e7e e\u011fitimde olumlu geli\u015fmeler kaydedilmi\u015ftir.
\nBulgaristan T\u00fcrk okullar\u0131na \u00f6\u011fretmen yeti\u015ftiren \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n bu az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n e\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fmesinde \u00f6nemli yeri vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ayd\u0131nlar z\u00fcmresinde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu olu\u015fturan \u00f6\u011fretmenler (ki bunlar aras\u0131nda bayan \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr), Bulgaristan \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131nda haz\u0131rl\u0131k g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, e\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u00e7m\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa verilen haklar genel olarak e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, ancak \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden T\u00fcrk\u00e7e e\u011fitime b\u00fcy\u00fck darbe indirilmi\u015ftir. 130 y\u0131ll\u0131k az\u0131nl\u0131k tarihi boyunca Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri, totaliter rejim d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e e\u011fitimden ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr geleneklerinden ilk kez tamamen yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nBulgaristan 1990 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana demokrasiye bir ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi ya\u015f\u0131yor. Bir\u00e7ok alanda baz\u0131 geli\u015fmeler vard\u0131r. Ancak T\u00fcrk\u00e7e e\u011fitimi konusunda sorunlar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fmu\u015f de\u011fildir. Bulgaristan ilk\u00f6\u011fretim okullar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011fretimi serbest se\u00e7meli bir ders olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmekte ve T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi T\u00fcrk\u00e7e derslerinden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nGelecekte daha normal ko\u015fullarda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dersleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011finde, her T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocu\u011fu da ana dilinde okuma yazmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulabilecektir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise mevcut ko\u015fullarda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e derslerinin en az\u0131ndan (4 ders saati olarak) zorunlu ders kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131, her T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocu\u011funun T\u00fcrk\u00e7e derslerine devam etmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gere\u011finin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 her Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n bir insanl\u0131k borcudur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
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