{"id":18306,"date":"2016-03-13T23:33:31","date_gmt":"2016-03-13T21:33:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=18306"},"modified":"2016-03-13T23:33:31","modified_gmt":"2016-03-13T21:33:31","slug":"ankara-bati-trakya-turk-birligi-derneginde-seminer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/ankara-bati-trakya-turk-birligi-derneginde-seminer\/","title":{"rendered":"Ankara Bat\u0131 Trakya T\u00fcrk Birli\u011fi Derne\u011fi\u2019nde Seminer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>12 Mart 2016 Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc merkezi Ankara\u2019da bulunan Bat\u0131 Trakya T\u00fcrk Birli\u011fi Derne\u011fi\u2019nin d\u00fczenlemi\u015f oldu\u011fu etkinlikte; BULT\u00dcRK Ankara Temsilcimiz Sn. \u0130smail C\u0130NG\u00d6Z taraf\u0131ndan \u201c<strong><em>Balkanlar\u0131n D\u00fcn\u00fc ve Bug\u00fcn\u00fc<\/em><\/strong>\u201d konulu bir seminer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>BALKANLARIN D\u00dcN\u00dc VE BUG\u00dcN\u00dc<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130smail C\u0130NG\u00d6Z<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00d6ZET<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>M.\u00d6. II. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Karadeniz\u2019in kuzeyinden ba\u015flayan T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7leri Balkanlar ile Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7lerine kadar geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgeyi etkilemi\u015f ve uzun bir s\u00fcre T\u00fcrk h\u00e2kimiyetinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat bu T\u00fcrk kavimlerinden sonra ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye olan yo\u011fun Slav g\u00f6\u00e7lerinin etkisi ile zamanla Slavla\u015farak asimile olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/em><\/p><div id=\"bghab-27641751\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Anadolu \u00fczerinden gelen T\u00fcrkler ise Balkan ve Avrupa co\u011frafyas\u0131na T\u00fcrk kimli\u011finin yan\u0131nda \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 da getirmi\u015flerdir. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti 500 y\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcre adalet ve bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7erisinde y\u00f6netti\u011fi b\u00f6lgeden geri \u00e7ekilmesiyle birlikte etkisi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar devam eden g\u00f6\u00e7 ve g\u00f6\u00e7men sorunu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karken, bir taraftan da geride kalan T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam n\u00fcfusunun g\u00f6lgede ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ve zul\u00fcmler ba\u015f g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00d6zellikle Yunanistan ve Bulgaristan\u2019da pervas\u0131zca devam eden bask\u0131 ve zul\u00fcmlerin AB \u00fcyesi olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen halen devam etmekte oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Anahtar Kelimeler: <\/em><\/strong><em>Az\u0131nl\u0131k, Bulgaristan, Osmanl\u0131, T\u00fcrk, Yunanistan.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Balkanlar\u2019da T\u00fcrk Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-237925748\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>K\u00f6k itibariyle T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olan \u201cBalkan\u201d kelimesi (\u015eaybak, 2006: 50), Bat\u0131 Trakya a\u011fz\u0131nda da\u011f anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (\u015eent\u00fcrk, 2006: 26). Balkanlarda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin 1352 y\u0131l\u0131nda Gelibolu Yar\u0131madas\u0131na ge\u00e7mesi ile ba\u015flayan T\u00fcrk-\u0130sl\u00e2m h\u00e2kimiyeti, tarihimize 93 Harbi olarak ge\u00e7en 1876-1877 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin yenilmesi ile ba\u015flayan geri \u00e7ekilme d\u00f6nemine kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 y\u0131l kesintisiz olarak devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Ancak bilinenin aksine T\u00fcrkler Balkanlara Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile gelmemi\u015flerdir. T\u00fcrklerin Bat\u0131 Trakya b\u00f6lgesindeki varl\u0131klar\u0131 2100 y\u0131ldan fazla bir zamana tek\u00e2m\u00fcl etmektedir (Atun, 2009).<\/p>\n<p>M.\u00d6. II. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bir T\u00fcrk boyu olan \u0130skitlerin (Sakalar) Bat\u0131 kolunun Orta Asya\u2019dan ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131 ilk g\u00f6\u00e7leri (Cin, 2009); IV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Hun, V. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avar, IX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Pe\u00e7enek ve XI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kuman (K\u0131p\u00e7ak) T\u00fcrkleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir (Atun, 2009; Toks\u00f6z, 2011). Bu T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 ile birlikte Bulgar, O\u011fuz ve Ogur (Utrugur) T\u00fcrklerinden de yer alanlar\u0131n oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Fakat bu T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu (\u015eaybak, 2006, 58; Nuri, 2013) T\u00fcrklerden sonra ya\u015fanan yo\u011fun Slav g\u00f6\u00e7leri (Tikici ve di\u011f., 2008) ile zamanla H\u0131ristiyanla\u015farak, dillerini terk ederek Slavla\u015fm\u0131\u015flar, T\u00fcrkl\u00fcklerini ve benliklerini kaybederek asimile olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1071 Malazgirt Meydan Muharebesinde Sel\u00e7uklu ordusuna kar\u015f\u0131 Bizans ordusunda yer alan Pe\u00e7enek T\u00fcrkleri, sava\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 ordunun T\u00fcrk olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlamalar\u0131 \u00fczerine saf de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015fler ve Sultan Alparslan\u2019\u0131n zaferinde etkin rol alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r (Nuri, 2013).<\/p>\n<p>Balkanlarda Kuman-Pe\u00e7enek T\u00fcrk Federasyonu 1091 y\u0131l\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Trakya ve Rodoplar, Makedonya ile Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131k kesimlerinde \u015eaman inan\u00e7lar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ya\u015fayan Kumanlar Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin 20 A\u011fustos 1389\u2019da I. Kosova Sava\u015f\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen fetih sonras\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u0130sl\u00e2m Dinine ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir (Toks\u00f6z, 2011).<\/p><div id=\"bghab-650731607\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Mevcut kaynaklara g\u00f6re T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu \u00fczerinden Balkanlara ge\u00e7i\u015fleri \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk olarak; 1065 y\u0131l\u0131nda Konya b\u00f6lgesine gelen yakla\u015f\u0131k 55-60 Bin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Y\u00f6r\u00fck-T\u00fcrkmen, Bizans taraf\u0131ndan Dedea\u011fa\u00e7, Kavala ve Selanik \u00fczerinden deniz yolu ile getirilerek Bat\u0131 Trakya, Rodoplar ve Makedonya b\u00f6lgelerine isk\u00e2n edildikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (Nevrezova, 2006: 28). \u0130kincisi olarak Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nden 11 y\u0131l \u00f6nce 1341\u2019de Bizans \u0130mparatoru III. Andranikus\u2019un \u00f6lmesi \u00fczerine ya\u015fanan taht m\u00fccadelesinde Ayd\u0131no\u011flu Umur Bey\u2019in Kantakuzen\u2019e yard\u0131m amac\u0131yla donanma ile Rumeli\u2019ye ge\u00e7mesi ile olmu\u015ftur (Toks\u00f6z, 2011). \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak ise Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6neminde Orhan Gazi\u2019nin o\u011flu \u015eehzade S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n 1352\u2019de Gelibolu Yar\u0131madas\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015fi ile olmu\u015f ve bir y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde Tekirda\u011f b\u00f6lgesi fethedilmi\u015ftir. Sultan I. Murad d\u00f6neminde d\u00fczenli ordularla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen fetihler ile 1361\u2019de Edirne, 1362\u2019de Filibe, 1364\u2019de Stara Zagora (Za\u011fra) ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. Padi\u015fah Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid\u2019in 1395\u2019de Bulgarlar\u0131n o zamanki ba\u015fkenti T\u0131rnova\u2019y\u0131 fethetmesi ile Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n tamamen Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011fine ge\u00e7mesi ile Osmanl\u0131 adalet ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc d\u00f6nemi de ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f (Konukman, 1990: 20), b\u00f6lge 559 y\u0131l adalet ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ile y\u00f6netilmi\u015ftir (Atun, 2009).<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ait \u00f6nemli eserlerin in\u015fa edilmesi b\u00f6lgede bulunan H\u0131ristiyan halk\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de etkilemi\u015ftir. Sadece cami ve medreseler in\u015fa edilmemi\u015f, imara da \u00f6nem verilerek; yollar, k\u00f6pr\u00fcler, hastaneler, han, hamam, kapl\u0131ca, \u0131l\u0131ca, kervansaray, saat kuleleri, imaret, t\u00fcrbe, \u00e7e\u015fme, bedesten, k\u00fct\u00fcphane gibi 15.787 adet mimari eser Balkanlara in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lgede yaln\u0131zca dini eserler in\u015fa etmemesi ile Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n asimilasyon amac\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bariz bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Fakat T\u00fcrk kimli\u011finin yok edilmesi amac\u0131yla bu eserlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yok edilmi\u015f, \u00e7ok az bir k\u0131sm\u0131 orijinal halde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelebilmi\u015ftir (Tikici ve di\u011f., 2008).<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin; halk\u0131n dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, mal\u0131n\u0131 ve can\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde imar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na \u00f6ncelik vermesi, devlet d\u00e2hilindeki halklar\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7erisinde hayat s\u00fcrmelerine imkan tan\u0131mas\u0131 ile Balkanlarda son y\u0131llar\u0131 hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere neredeyse sava\u015fs\u0131z bir d\u00f6nem ge\u00e7irmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat milliyet\u00e7ilik fikirleri ile hareket eden halklar\u0131n faaliyetleri ile XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda b\u00f6lgeye huzursuzluk ve karga\u015fa hakim olmu\u015ftur (Tikici ve di\u011f., 2008).<\/p>\n<p>Balkan tarihi i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren zirveye ula\u015fmas\u0131nda; Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Balkanlar\u0131 fethetme s\u00fcreci ile birlikte Anadolu\u2019dan T\u00fcrkleri bu b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015ftirmesi \u015feklinde ba\u015flayan iskan politikas\u0131 etkili olmu\u015f (Tikici ve di\u011f., 2008) ve kal\u0131c\u0131 hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti taraf\u0131ndan Rumeli ad\u0131 verilen Balkanlara fetihlerle birlikte n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131nda denge olu\u015fturabilmek amac\u0131yla Anadolu\u2019dan kitleler halinde getirilen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrkler ile k\u0131sa zamanda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu artm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zellikle de Bulgaristan\u2019da % 70-80\u2019lere varan oran ile \u00e7o\u011funluk hale gelmi\u015ftir (Maral, 2010: 1). 1633, 1639, 1641 ve 1696 cizye defterleri kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6ylerde Hristiyan n\u00fcfusa rastlanm\u0131\u015f olsa da bir\u00e7o\u011funda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun %89\u2019lara kadar \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (Koyuncu, 2013).<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2649704745\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>T\u00fcrklerin Balkanlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi fetih hareketleri devam ederken bir taraftan Katolik, di\u011fer taraftan Rum kiliselerinin bask\u0131lar\u0131na dayanamayan Protestan Bosna Hersek Basle (Basel) Konsili bir kurtulu\u015f \u00e7aresi olarak 1410 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkleri \u00fclkesine davet ederek, Rum Ortodokslu\u011funa \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 tercih etmi\u015ftir (Nuri, 2013).<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Balkanlara fetih hareketlerinde daha \u00f6nceki Karadeniz \u00fczerinden gelmi\u015f olan T\u00fcrk kavimlerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131 ve faydal\u0131 olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (Toks\u00f6z, 2011). Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n fethi s\u0131ras\u0131nda XI. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fmi\u015f ve XIV. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u0130sl\u00e2miyet\u2019e girmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olan Kuman (K\u0131p\u00e7ak) T\u00fcrklerine bu yard\u0131mlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Slav dilinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cpomaga\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131 verilmi\u015f ve bu tarihten itibaren de \u201cPomak T\u00fcrkleri\u201d denilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Nevrezova, 2006: 9). Pomaklar\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u0130sl\u00e2miyeti benimsemeleri ve zamanla \u0130sl\u00e2m dinine ge\u00e7meleri XVIII. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na kadar devam etmi\u015ftir (Koyuncu, 2013).<\/p>\n<p>Balkanlar\u0131n yerli halklar\u0131ndan \u0130sl\u00e2miyet\u2019e ge\u00e7memi\u015f olanlar ise kendi din ve dillerini korusalar da Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin fetihleri ile birlikte b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015ftirilen T\u00fcrklerin etkisi ile T\u00fcrk usul\u00fc hayat tarz\u0131ndan etkilenerek benimsemi\u015fler, zamanla gelenek-g\u00f6renekleri ve sosyo-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zellikleri T\u00fcrk tarz\u0131na do\u011fru evrilmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Balkanlardan \u00e7ekilmesi ile Avrupa k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc etkili hale gelmi\u015ftir (Tikici ve di\u011f., 2008).<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti idaresi alt\u0131nda bulunan tebaan\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc Tanzimat Ferman\u0131\u2019na kadar etnik kimli\u011fe g\u00f6re de\u011fil, din\u00ee mensubiyetlerine g\u00f6re dizayn etmi\u015ftir. Fakat Osmanl\u0131 politikalar\u0131 asimile \u00fczerine bina edilmemi\u015f, gayri M\u00fcslimleri \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a, T\u00fcrk olmayanlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme gayreti i\u00e7erisinde olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti fethetti\u011fi H\u0131ristiyan \u00fclkelerin toplum yap\u0131s\u0131na, dini inan\u00e7 ve rit\u00fcelleri ile genel y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imine m\u00fcdahale etmemi\u015ftir (T\u00fcrbedar, t.y.).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Balkanlardan \u00c7ekilmesi<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-1682673862\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti 1299 y\u0131l\u0131nda S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u2019te bir U\u00e7 Beyli\u011fi\u2019nden devletle\u015fmeye ge\u00e7i\u015fi ile birlikte fetih bilincinden hareketle s\u00fcrekli b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fcme ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde olmakla birlikte zamanla \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131taya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bir Cihan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu olmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin en kudretli d\u00f6nemi genel olarak Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman d\u00f6nemi olarak kabul edilegelmi\u015ftir. Fakat Kanuni\u2019nin 7 Eyl\u00fcl 1566\u2019da Zigetvar Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda vefat\u0131ndan sonra y\u00fckselme devrinin de sona erdi\u011fi ve duraklama d\u00f6neminin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da varsay\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1683 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde IV. Mehmet d\u00f6neminde Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131nda Viyana II. Defa ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fakat Osmanl\u0131 ordusu bu sava\u015f\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f ve tarihin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir (Turan, 1998).<\/p>\n<p>Bu yenilgi ile birlikte ba\u015flayan toprak kay\u0131plar\u0131 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra \u00e7ok daha vahim hal almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00fcrekli geri \u00e7ekilmelerle birlikte Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ve halk \u201cmuhacir ve g\u00f6\u00e7men\u201d kelimelerini bizzat ya\u015fayarak \u00f6\u011frenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu arada Osmanl\u0131 tebaas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bulunan az\u0131nl\u0131klar da bu zay\u0131fl\u0131ktan yararlanarak milliyet\u00e7ilik fikirleri ile birlikte ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketlerini de ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1789 Frans\u0131z \u0130htilali\u2019nin etkisiyle Osmanl\u0131\u2019da ilk isyan hareketi 1808\u2019de S\u0131rplardan gelmi\u015ftir (Hasan, 2012a). Fakat Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nden ilk defa ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elde edenler Yunanl\u0131lar olmu\u015ftur. B\u00fcrokrasi i\u00e7erisinde olduk\u00e7a fazla Rum olmas\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin de deste\u011fi ile sistematik bir isyan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130lerleyen zamanda 1828-1829 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 Yunanl\u0131lar 1829 Edirne Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile \u00f6zerklik, \u015eubat 1830 Londra Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 elde etmi\u015ftir. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131klarda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k fikirlerinin daha da canlanmas\u0131na vesile olurken, d\u0131\u015f devletlerin Osmanl\u0131 i\u00e7 i\u015flerine daha fazla m\u00fcdahil olmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n 1830 Cezayir i\u015fgal \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 tutumlar\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn sertle\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Hasan, 2012b).<\/p>\n<p>Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te 93 Harbi T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in kelimenin tam manas\u0131yla bir felaketle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f, sava\u015f sonras\u0131 Bulgarlar, Rus deste\u011fi ile \u00c7atalca \u00f6nlerine kadar gelmi\u015f, nihayet 3 Mart 1878 Ayestefanos (Ye\u015filk\u00f6y) Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanm\u0131\u015f ve Tuna Vilayeti Bulgar Prensli\u011fi kurulmu\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda S\u0131rbistan, Romanya ve Karada\u011f da Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan ayr\u0131larak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015flerdir (Nevrezova, 2006: 10).<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2630312932\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Tuna cephesinde devam eden yedi ay s\u00fcreli sava\u015f sonucunda 600 binden fazla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlanm\u0131\u015f, 350 binden fazlas\u0131 ise katliam, a\u00e7l\u0131k, so\u011fuk ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klarla feci \u015fekilde hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir (Maral, 2010: 2). Bu zamana kadar g\u00f6\u00e7ler genel olarak Balkanlardaki T\u00fcrk b\u00f6lgelerine do\u011fru olurken, ilk kez Anadolu\u2019ya T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc bu sava\u015f ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ve maalesef ard\u0131 kesilmez bir \u015fekilde de devam edecektir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elde eden devletlerden Bulgaristan, S\u0131rbistan, Yunanistan ve Karada\u011f Krall\u0131klar\u0131 bir araya gelerek 8 Ekim 1912-30 May\u0131s 1913 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne sava\u015f ilan ettiler ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 galip gelerek Balkan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu Edirne ve K\u0131rklareli\u2019ye kadar ele ge\u00e7irdiler.<\/p>\n<p>Ya\u015fanan I. Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan elde ettikleri toprak payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda en karl\u0131 olarak Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan m\u00fcttefikleri ve kom\u015fular\u0131 memnun olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle S\u0131rbistan, Yunanistan, Karada\u011f ve Romanya Bulgaristan\u2019a sava\u015f ilan ettiler. 16 Haziran-10 A\u011fustos 1913 tarihleri aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan sava\u015fta Osmanl\u0131 Devleti de kaybetti\u011fi topraklar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kurtarabilmek amac\u0131yla sava\u015fa d\u00e2hil olarak Bulgaristan\u2019a sava\u015f ilan etti ve Edirne ile K\u0131rklareli\u2019yi geri alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\u00d6zlem, t.y.). Bu sava\u015fta Bulgaristan a\u011f\u0131r bir yenilgi alm\u0131\u015f, Balkan devletlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 yeniden belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Viyana Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan itibaren geri \u00e7ekilme ile ba\u015flayan T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc dalgalar\u0131 Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131nda da ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgalar\u0131 Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde ve Mondros M\u00fctarekesi sonras\u0131 terk edilen b\u00f6lgelerden gelenlerle devam etmi\u015ftir. Fakat Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda imzalanan 1923 Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile yeni bir durum ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve m\u00fcbadele olay\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Kara, 2005).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Bat\u0131 Trakya <\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-1175827536\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-35-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bat\u0131 Trakya diye tabir edilen co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgeyi belirmek gerekirse; Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Kuzeydo\u011fu b\u00f6lgesinin do\u011fusunda, Dedea\u011fa\u00e7, G\u00fcm\u00fclcine ve \u0130ske\u00e7e \u015fehirleri, Do\u011fu Makedonya\u2019da yer alan Kavala ve Drama \u015fehirleri ile Bulgaristan\u2019da yer alan Rodop Da\u011flar\u0131 ile Ege Denizi aras\u0131nda yer alan Meri\u00e7 Nehri ile Karasu Nehirleri aras\u0131nda kalan bir b\u00f6lgeyi i\u015faret etmektedir (Cin, 2009).<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 devam ederken Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin bu sava\u015fa kat\u0131lmamas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde telkinlerde bulunan Bat\u0131l\u0131 Devletler, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sava\u015fa dahil olmas\u0131 ve Edirne ile K\u0131rklareli\u2019nin geri al\u0131nmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda en az\u0131ndan Meri\u00e7 Nehri\u2019nin bat\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmeyece\u011fi taahh\u00fcd\u00fc istemi\u015flerdir. Bu taahh\u00fct iste\u011fini kabul eden Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k o zaman Yarbay olan Enver Pa\u015fa, Edirne\u2019den ordu i\u00e7erisinden bir grubu Ku\u015f\u00e7uba\u015f\u0131 E\u015fref komutas\u0131nda Ortak\u00f6y \u00fczerinden Bat\u0131 Trakya\u2019ya girmeleri emrini vermi\u015ftir. Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck birlik Ko\u015fukavak, Mestanl\u0131, K\u0131rcaali, G\u00fcm\u00fclcine ve \u0130ske\u00e7e b\u00f6lgeleri Dedea\u011fa\u00e7 hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere ele ge\u00e7irilerek S\u00fcleyman Askeri Bey\u2019in Erkan-\u0131 Harbiye ve Garbi Trakya H\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u0130craiye reisi \u00fcnvan\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Salih Hoca reisli\u011finde (\u00d6zlem, t.y.) 31 A\u011fustos 1913\u2019te <em>Garbi Trakya H\u00fck\u00fcmet-i Muvakkatesi <\/em>(Atun, 2009) ad\u0131yla ilk T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetinin kuruldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc II. Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra 29 Eyl\u00fcl 1913 tarihli \u0130stanbul Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Edirne d\u00e2hil Do\u011fu Trakya Osmanl\u0131 Devletine b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Bat\u0131 Trakya\u2019n\u0131n Bulgaristan\u2019a b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cBat\u0131 Trakya Ge\u00e7ici H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u201d tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayarak (Atun, 2009) idari te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamaya giri\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Fakat bu devlet Bat\u0131 Trakya\u2019da kurulan ilk T\u00fcrk Devleti de\u011fildir. \u0130lk olarak Rodop T\u00fcrkleri taraf\u0131ndan \u00c7irmen Kasabas\u0131\u2019nda 1878\u2019de \u201cH\u00fck\u00fcmet-i Muvakkate\u201d ismiyle bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurulmu\u015f ve sekiz y\u0131l varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile 1913\u2019te kurulan T\u00fcrk Devleti ikincisidir. En \u00f6nemlisi de tarihte T\u00fcrk kelimesi ile kurulan ilk Cumhuriyettir ve Yunanistan ile Bulgaristan taraf\u0131ndan da tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendi bayra\u011f\u0131, milli mar\u015f\u0131, askeri ve devlet idari te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yasalar\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f, adli te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00e7esini olu\u015fturmu\u015f, pul ve pasaport uygulamas\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir (Atun, 2009).<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti taraf\u0131ndan Bulgaristan\u2019a b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 kabul edilen Bat\u0131 Trakya, 30 Ekim 1913\u2019te Bulgaristan taraf\u0131ndan tamamen i\u015fgal edilmi\u015ftir. \u201cBat\u0131 Trakya Ge\u00e7ici H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u201d m\u00fccadelesine tek ba\u015f\u0131na 3 aydan fazla direnememi\u015f (Atun, 2009) ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 Devletlerin bask\u0131s\u0131na dayanamayan Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da telkinleri ile kendisini feshetmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Cin, 2009).<\/p>\n<p>Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131na kadar b\u00f6lgede T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusunun ezici olarak \u00e7o\u011funlukta oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-566928472\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-40-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tablo: 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Bat\u0131 Trakya\u2019n\u0131n 1910 Y\u0131l\u0131 N\u00fcfus Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"58\"><strong>T\u00fcrk<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"51\"><strong>Bulgar<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"57\"><strong>Yunan<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"109\"><strong>M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Gagavuz T\u00fcrk<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"62\"><strong>Yahudi<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"96\"><strong>M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00c7ingene<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"57\"><strong>Ermeni<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"66\"><strong>Toplam<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"58\">325.000<\/td>\n<td width=\"51\">30.000<\/td>\n<td width=\"57\">11.000<\/td>\n<td width=\"109\">3.500<\/td>\n<td width=\"62\">1.600<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">4.000<\/td>\n<td width=\"57\">850<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">430.350<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>(Atun, 2009)<\/p>\n<p>Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile fiziki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 kalmayan Arnavutluk da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan ederek \u0130\u015fkodra\u2019y\u0131 topraklar\u0131na katarken, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Balkanlardaki Selanik, Manast\u0131r, Kosova, Yanya ve \u0130\u015fkodra vilayetlerinin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda en karl\u0131 olan Yunanistan olmu\u015ftur. Buna g\u00f6re taraflar\u0131n elde ettikleri kazan\u0131mlar \u015f\u00f6yle olmu\u015ftur;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><div id=\"bghab-423635446\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-45-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Tablo: 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131 Sonras\u0131 Devletlerinin Kazan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"137\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"102\"><strong>Yunanistan<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"110\"><strong>S\u0131rbistan<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"102\"><strong>Bulgaristan<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"110\"><strong>Karada\u011f<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"137\"><strong>Toprak \/ Km<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"102\">50.000<\/td>\n<td width=\"110\">30.000<\/td>\n<td width=\"102\">18.000<\/td>\n<td width=\"110\">5.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"137\"><strong>N\u00fcfus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"102\">1.600.000<\/td>\n<td width=\"110\">1.200.000<\/td>\n<td width=\"102\">1.000.000<\/td>\n<td width=\"110\">15.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>(Atun, 2009)<\/p>\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca \u015eubat 1914\u2019te Londra\u2019da \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Ege adalar\u0131nda Meis hari\u00e7 i\u015fgali alt\u0131nda bulunan adalar\u0131 kendisinde, \u0130mroz, Bozcaada haricindeki di\u011fer Ege adalar\u0131 da Yunanistan\u2019a kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren esaslar tespit edilmi\u015ftir (Atun, 2009).<\/p>\n<p>Bu hususlar\u0131n tespiti yap\u0131l\u0131rken Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan Milli M\u00fccadele d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti yeni bir devlet olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>15 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da \u0130zmir\u2019i i\u015fgal eden Yunanistan, 4 Ekim 1919\u2019da da Trakya\u2019da giri\u015fti\u011fi T\u00fcrk topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal eylemini 29 Eyl\u00fcl 1922 Mudanya M\u00fctarekesi\u2019ne kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (Cin, 2009). Bu arada \u201cBat\u0131 Trakya Umumi Merkezi\u201d ad\u0131yla 15 Ekim 1919\u2019da Fransa himayesi alt\u0131nda kurulan yeni bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet ise 23 May\u0131s 1920\u2019de y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Atun, 2009).<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3333139315\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-50-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Mudanya M\u00fctarekesi gere\u011fince 3-18 Ekim 1922 tarihlerinde Do\u011fu Trakya\u2019y\u0131 terk eden Yunanistan, 1923 Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile bu b\u00f6lgeyi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye b\u0131rak\u0131rken, Bat\u0131 Trakya\u2019y\u0131 kendinde b\u0131rakmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f ve o d\u00f6nemde bu b\u00f6lgede 129.120 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu b\u00f6lgede \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7e Konu\u015fan Yunanl\u0131lar\u201d olarak kabul edilen yerli Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyan Gagavuz T\u00fcrkleri ile Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den m\u00fcbadele gere\u011fi g\u00f6nderilen Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyan T\u00fcrkler de vard\u0131r (Cin, 2009).<\/p>\n<p>1950\u2019lerde ba\u015flayan K\u0131br\u0131s sorunlar\u0131 Yunanistan\u2019daki T\u00fcrkleri de do\u011frudan etkilemi\u015f, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n sistematik bir \u015fekilde T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fini reddetme politikas\u0131n\u0131 uygulamaya koymu\u015ftur. 1974 K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131 ise iki \u00fclke ili\u015fkilerini kopma noktas\u0131na getirirken, bask\u0131lara dayanamayan bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk aile kitlesel olarak T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek durumunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Hasan, 2012a).<\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Bulgaristan\u2019da 1 milyon 200 binden fazla, Yunanistan Bat\u0131 Trakya B\u00f6lgesinde, Dedea\u011fa\u00e7, \u0130ske\u00e7e ve G\u00fcm\u00fclcine illerinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 150 bin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk Az\u0131nl\u0131k ya\u015famaktad\u0131r (Hasan, 2012a). Fakat Yunanistan T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re \u201c<em>M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Az\u0131nl\u0131k<\/em>\u201d olduklar\u0131n\u0131 beyan ederek, T\u00fcrkl\u00fcklerini reddetmekte, daha sonra imzalanan g\u00f6\u00e7 anla\u015fmas\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 raporlarda ge\u00e7en \u201c<em>T\u00fcrk Irk\u0131ndan Az\u0131nl\u0131k<\/em>\u201d ibarelerini hi\u00e7e saymaktad\u0131r (Atun, 2009).<\/p>\n<p>Yunanistan ve Bulgaristan ile Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ve T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok antla\u015fma ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hukuki durumlar\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat uygulamalar\u0131 ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 Yunan ve Bulgaristan defalarca ihlal etmekten \u00e7ekinmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu nedenle soyda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z defaatle g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3025930411\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-55-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Yunanistan ile \u0130mzalanan Hukuki Metinler <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n taraf oldu\u011fu antla\u015fmalar ve ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler incelendi\u011finde Bat\u0131 Trakya M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk Az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bunlar;<\/p>\n<p>-1830 Londra Protokol\u00fc,<\/p>\n<p>-2 Temmuz 1881 \u0130stanbul Antla\u015fmas\u0131,<\/p>\n<p>-14 Kas\u0131m 1913 Atina Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131,<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1716820624\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-60-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>-10 A\u011fustos 1920 Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131-Yunanistan\u2019daki Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n Korunmas\u0131na Dair Husus,<\/p>\n<p>-24 Temmuz 1923 Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (Mad.37-45) (Cin, 2009),<\/p>\n<p>-1 Aral\u0131k 1926 Atina \u0130tilafnamesi,<\/p>\n<p>-10 Haziran 1930 T\u00fcrk-Yunan Ahali M\u00fcbadele S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi,<\/p>\n<p>-1951 \u0130kamet, Ticaret, Seyr-\u00fc Sefain ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Antla\u015fmalar\u0131,<\/p><div id=\"bghab-83895608\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-65-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>-1 Aral\u0131k 1968 tarihli Protokol (Toprak, 2014).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Bulgaristan ile \u0130mzalanan Hukuki Metinler <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>-13 Temmuz 1878 Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131,<\/p>\n<p>-19 Nisan 1909 \u0130stanbul Protokol\u00fc ve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi,<\/p>\n<p>-16-29 Eyl\u00fcl 1913 T\u00fcrkiye [Osmanl\u0131 Devleti]\u2013Bulgaristan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131,<\/p>\n<p>-29 Eyl\u00fcl 1913 M\u00fcft\u00fclerle \u0130lgili S\u00f6zle\u015fme,<\/p>\n<p>-27 Kas\u0131m 1919 Neuily Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131,<\/p>\n<p>-1925 T\u00fcrkiye-Bulgaristan Dostluk Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ve \u0130kamet S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi,<\/p>\n<p>-10 \u015eubat 1947 tarihli Bulgar Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131,<\/p>\n<p>-1968 Yak\u0131n Akraba G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc Antla\u015fmas\u0131,<\/p>\n<p>-1998 T\u00fcrkiye-Bulgaristan aras\u0131nda Bulgaristan Emekli Ayl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de \u00d6denmesine \u0130li\u015fkin Anla\u015fma (\u00d6zlem, t.y.: 1).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ayr\u0131ca BM ve AB \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>-BM Evrensel \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Bildirisi,<\/p>\n<p>-Ekonomik, Sosyal ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Haklara \u0130li\u015fkin Uluslararas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme,<\/p>\n<p>-Her T\u00fcrl\u00fc Irk Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Ortadan Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Uluslararas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme (CERD),<\/p>\n<p>-\u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131na Dair S\u00f6zle\u015fme ve Kad\u0131nlara Kars\u0131 Her T\u00fcrl\u00fc Ay\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesine Dair S\u00f6zle\u015fme (CEDAW),<\/p>\n<p>-1984 Tarihli i\u015fkence ve Di\u011fer Zalimce,\u00a0 \u0130nsanl\u0131k D\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fcc\u00fc Davran\u0131\u015f veya Cezalara Kar\u015f\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme,<\/p>\n<p>-Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Ulusal veya Etnik, Dini ve Dilsel Az\u0131nl\u0131klara Mensup Ki\u015filerin Haklar\u0131na Dair Bildiri,<\/p>\n<p>-1981 Tarihli Dine ve \u0130nanca Dayal\u0131 M\u00fcsamahas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n B\u00fct\u00fcn \u015eekilleriyle Ortadan Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Bildiri (Cin, 2009).<\/p>\n<p>Metinleri de Yunanistan ve Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131 T\u00fcrk-\u0130sl\u00e2m az\u0131nl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r. Bu antla\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler ile Yunanistan ve Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin ba\u015fta canlar\u0131, mallar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere sosyal ve siyasi t\u00fcm haklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yine bu antla\u015fmalar incelendi\u011finde Bat\u0131 Trakya M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrklerinin idari, hukuki, e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim haklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahip olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bug\u00fcn AB \u00fcyesi Yunanistan bu haklar\u0131 uygulamamakta direniyor olsa da Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda m\u00fctekabiliyet \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi de bu b\u00f6lge T\u00fcrkleri \u00fczerinde hak sahibi yapmaktad\u0131r (Cin, 2009). Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile Yunanistan AB yasalar\u0131n\u0131 bahane ederek k\u0131s\u0131tlamaya gitme hakk\u0131na sahip de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan 1923 ve 1929 y\u0131llar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131n antla\u015fma hilaf\u0131na uygulanmas\u0131 nedenleriyle sava\u015f\u0131n e\u015fi\u011finden d\u00f6n\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Fakat 25 Ekim 1932 ve 9 Haziran 1935 se\u00e7imlerinde Haf\u0131z Hasan\u2019\u0131n Venizelist Partisi\u2019nden milletvekili se\u00e7ilmesi olumlu bir geli\u015fme olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, 1938 tarih ve 1366 say\u0131l\u0131 kanun ile Bat\u0131 Trakya T\u00fcrklerinin gayrimenkul ve toprak al\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan mallar\u0131n\u0131 geri alamad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (Toprak, 2014).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Balkanlarda yer alan Romanya, Macaristan, Avusturya, Polonya, Arnavutluk ve art\u0131k var olmayan Yugoslavya gibi devletler de Osmanl\u0131 idaresinde bulunmu\u015ftur fakat bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Balkanlar ve bu co\u011frafyada ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk-\u0130sl\u00e2m unsuru ile ya\u015fanan sorunlar Yunanistan ve Bulgaristan \u00f6zelinde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zira burada yer alan di\u011fer devletlerde ya\u015fanan sorunlar Yugoslavya devleti hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere bu iki \u00fclkeler kadar aleni ve a\u011f\u0131r \u015fartlarda ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1990\u2019da ba\u015flayan ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 y\u0131l s\u00fcren kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar ve i\u00e7 sava\u015flar sonucunda Yugoslavya 7 devlete b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f (<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bosna-Hersek\"><strong>Bosna-Hersek<\/strong><\/a><strong>, <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/H%C4%B1rvatistan\"><strong>H\u0131rvatistan<\/strong><\/a><strong>, <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slovenya\"><strong>Slovenya<\/strong><\/a><strong>, <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Makedonya_Cumhuriyeti\"><strong>Makedonya<\/strong><\/a><strong>, <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S%C4%B1rbistan\"><strong>S\u0131rbistan<\/strong><\/a><strong>, <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karada%C4%9F\"><strong>Karada\u011f<\/strong><\/a><strong>, <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kosova\"><strong>Kosova<\/strong><\/a>) ve \u00f6zellikle M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Bo\u015fnaklar\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zul\u00fcmler tarihteki yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan itibaren Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin terk etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeleri ele ge\u00e7iren devletler ve Gayri M\u00fcslim halk\u0131n T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusu kendileri i\u00e7in bir tehlike olarak g\u00f6rmeleri nedeniyle bask\u0131 politikas\u0131 uygulamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu nedenle T\u00fcrk-\u0130sl\u00e2m varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflenmi\u015f, katliama varan zul\u00fcmler sergilenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu zul\u00fcm ve katliamlardan korunman\u0131n en etkili y\u00f6n\u00fc de Osmanl\u0131 kontrol\u00fcnde kalan b\u00f6lgelere, en sonunda da Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu g\u00f6\u00e7lerde binlerce soyda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z yollarda hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f, g\u00f6\u00e7 edenlerin tamam\u0131 sa\u011f salim gelememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n 1956 ve 1967 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yine T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa bask\u0131lar\u0131 davam ederken, 1974 K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131\u2019n\u0131n faturas\u0131n\u0131 da yine soyda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131za kesmi\u015f ve devam eden bask\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 daha da artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 uygulam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bask\u0131 ve hukuksuzlu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunan Rum az\u0131nl\u0131klara da misli ile uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f olsa da 1971 y\u0131l\u0131nda kapat\u0131lan Heybeliada Ruhban Okulunun kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 haricinde uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyu bask\u0131lar\u0131 nedenleriyle hi\u00e7birine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti yapmak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmalar\u0131nda terk etti\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerdeki T\u00fcrk-\u0130sl\u00e2m n\u00fcfusunun g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ncelikli olarak ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Milli M\u00fccadele sonras\u0131nda imzalanan Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli maddeleri aras\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 hususlar\u0131n yer alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Fakat Bat\u0131 ile Antla\u015fmalara taraf olan Balkan ve Avrupa Devletleri bu haklar\u0131 tam olarak uygulamaktan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca imtina etmi\u015flerdir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde AB \u00fcyesi olan bu \u00fclkeler ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi halen devam etmekte olan \u00f6nceki antla\u015fma metinleri yan\u0131nda AB m\u00fcktesebatlar\u0131na d\u00e2hil olan haklar\u0131 dahi uygulamaktan azami olarak ka\u00e7\u0131nmakta olduklar\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ektir.<\/p>\n<p>Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n <em>\u201cYunanistan\u2019daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Az\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d<\/em> ibaresi nedeniyle Yunanistan, b\u00fcnyesinde T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131k bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrmekte ve T\u00fcrk ibareli dernek ve sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131na m\u00fcsaade etmemektedir.<\/p>\n<p>1955 tarih ve 3370 say\u0131l\u0131 vatanda\u015fl\u0131k yasas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli bahanelerle Yunanistan vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan 60 bin T\u00fcrk\u2019e vatanda\u015fl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131n geri verilmemesi ve T\u00fcrk Vak\u0131flar\u0131 denetimleri sorunlar\u0131 hala devam etmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca devam baz\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 \u015fu ba\u015fl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda toplayabiliriz;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yunanistan\u2019da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk Az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 Sorunlar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>-Din ve Vicdan \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Konular\u0131nda Ya\u015fanan Sorunlar,<\/p>\n<p>-Vak\u0131flar Meselesinde Ya\u015fanan Sorunlar,<\/p>\n<p>-E\u011fitim ve \u00d6\u011frenim \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Ya\u015fanan Sorunlar,<\/p>\n<p>-Selanik \u00d6zel Pedagoji Akademisi Sorunu,<\/p>\n<p>-1981 Y\u0131l\u0131ndan Beri AB \u00dcyesi Olan Yunanistan\u2019da, Yunanistan Uyruklu Bat\u0131 Trakya M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrklerinin Do\u011fup B\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fckleri B\u00f6lgelerinde ve Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Di\u011fer B\u00f6lgelerinde Kamu Hizmetlerinde \u0130stihdam Edilmemeleri Sorunlar\u0131,<\/p>\n<p>-Yunanistan Uyru\u011fundan \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan ve Uyruksuz Kalanlar, Yani Haymatloslar Sorunu,<\/p>\n<p>-Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz M\u00fclk Edinmede \u0130zin Sistemi Sorunlar\u0131,<\/p>\n<p>-Siyasi Kat\u0131l\u0131m ve Temsilde Ya\u015fanan Sorunlar,<\/p>\n<p>-\u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Ya\u015fanan Sorunlar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bulgaristan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk Sorunlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>-Milli Kimlik Sorunu,<\/p>\n<p>-Dini E\u011fitim Sorunu,<\/p>\n<p>-Din Adamlar\u0131 Yetersizli\u011fi,<\/p>\n<p>-E\u011fitim \u00d6\u011frenim Sorunu,<\/p>\n<p>-Vak\u0131flar ve Vak\u0131f Mallar\u0131,<\/p>\n<p>-\u0130\u015fsizlik,<\/p>\n<p>-Bilgisizlik,<\/p>\n<p>-Pomak T\u00fcrkleri Sorunu.<\/p>\n<p>Taraflar aras\u0131nda imzalanm\u0131\u015f olan b\u00fct\u00fcn antla\u015fmalara ra\u011fmen Bat\u0131 Trakya\u2019da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131k \u015fiddetli bir Yunan ve Bulgar bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin t\u00fcm uyar\u0131lar\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu bask\u0131lar devam etmi\u015f ve halen devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ATUN, Ata, (2009) <em>Bat\u0131 Trakya\u2019daki Planl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131<\/em>, (Eri\u015fim), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.academicjournal.info\/pdf\/01.31.09-Bati-Trakyadaki-Planli-Turk-Soykirimi.pdf\">http:\/\/www.academicjournal.info\/pdf\/01.31.09-Bati-Trakyadaki-Planli-Turk-Soykirimi.pdf<\/a>, 25.09.2015.<\/p>\n<p>C\u0130N, Turgay, (2009)<em> Bat\u0131 Trakya T\u00fcrklerinin Hukuki Stat\u00fcs\u00fc Sorunlar\u0131 ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi, <\/em>Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl \u00dcniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Dergisi, C. 11, S. 1, s. 147-179.<\/p>\n<p><em>HASAN<\/em>, Bar\u0131\u015f, (2012a) <em>Balkanlarda T\u00fcrk Az\u0131nl\u0131klar ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Politikalar\u0131, <\/em>Bat\u0131 Trakya Online, 18.10.2012, (Eri\u015fim), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.batitrakya.org\/yazar\/baris-hasan\/balkanlarda-turk-azinliklar-ve-turkiyenin-politikalari.html\">http:\/\/www.batitrakya.org\/yazar\/baris-hasan\/balkanlarda-turk-azinliklar-ve-turkiyenin-politikalari.html<\/a>, 20.02.2016.<\/p>\n<p>HASAN, Bar\u0131\u015f, (2012b) <em>Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndan Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k S\u00fcreci<\/em>, Bat\u0131 Trakya Online, 20.10.2012, (Eri\u015fim), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.batitrakya.org\/yazar\/baris-hasan\/yunanistanin-osmanli-imparatorlugundan-bagimsizlik-sureci.html\">http:\/\/www.batitrakya.org\/yazar\/baris-hasan\/yunanistanin-osmanli-imparatorlugundan-bagimsizlik-sureci.html<\/a>, 20.02.2016.<\/p>\n<p>KARA, B\u00fclent, (2005) <em>Dramatik Bir Huzur M\u00fccadelesi: M\u00fcbadele<\/em>, Atat\u00fcrk \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Dergisi, Y\u0131l 5, S.1, 187-198.<\/p>\n<p>KONUKMAN, R. Erc\u00fcment, (1990) <em>Tarihi Belgeler I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00f6\u00e7 ve Anavatan (Nedenleri, Boyutlar\u0131, Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131)<\/em>, Haz\u0131rlayan: Kutlay Do\u011fan, T\u00fcrk Bas\u0131n Birli\u011fi Ankara Temsilcisi, Ankara.<\/p>\n<p>KOYUNCU, A\u015fk\u0131n, (2013) <em>Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131 S\u0131ras\u0131nda Pomaklar\u0131n Zorla Tanassur Edilmesi (1912-1913)<\/em>, OTAM, Bahar 2013, S.33, ss.139-196.<\/p>\n<p>MARAL, Fevziye, (2010) <em>Bulgaristan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye 1989 G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc<\/em>, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi, Atat\u00fcrk \u0130lkeleri ve \u0130nk\u0131l\u00e2p Tarihi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, Atat\u00fcrk \u0130lkeleri ve \u0130nk\u0131l\u00e2p Tarihi Anabilim Dal\u0131, Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, \u0130stanbul.<\/p>\n<p>NUR\u0130, Celal, (2013) <em>Bulgar ve Pomak<\/em>, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Co\u011frafya Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, S.53, C.2, s. 421-431, \u00c7ev.\/Akt.: Muhammet Kemalo\u011flu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6ZLEM, Kader (t.y.) <em>Bat\u0131 Trakya T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti<\/em>, (Eri\u015fim), <a href=\"http:\/\/balgoc.org.tr\/email\/batitrakya.doc\">http:\/\/balgoc.org.tr\/email\/batitrakya.doc<\/a>, 28.12.2015.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eAYBAK, Arzu, (2006) <em>So\u011fuk Sava\u015f Sonras\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Balkan \u00dclkeleriyle \u0130li\u015fkilerinde G\u00fcvenlik Olgusu ve Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karlar<\/em>, Uluda\u011f \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler Anabilim Dal\u0131, Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler Bilim Dal\u0131, Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Bursa.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eENT\u00dcRK, Cem, (2006) <em>Avrupa Bat\u0131 Trakya T\u00fcrk Federasyonu Bat\u0131 Trakya T\u00fcrk Az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Siyasal \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme S\u00fcrecine \u0130li\u015fkin Bir \u0130nceleme<\/em>, Y\u0131ld\u0131z Teknik \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler Anabilim Dal\u0131, Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, \u0130stanbul.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0130K\u0130C\u0130, Mehmet, KARATEPE, Selma, ERDEM, Orhan, (2008), <em>Balkanlarda T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc: Osmanl\u0131 Sonras\u0131 Kosova\u2019da Ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrklerin K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00d6zellikleri ve T\u00fcrkiye \u0130le \u0130li\u015fkileri \u00dczerine Bir De\u011ferlendirme<\/em>, 24.04.2008, Tekirda\u011f, 1.Uluslararas\u0131 Balkanlarda Tarih ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Kongresi, (Eri\u015fim), www.sbekongre.sakarya.edu.tr\/kongre1\/Bildiri\/217-230.pdf, 29.09.2015.<\/p>\n<p>TOKS\u00d6Z, \u0130lhan, (2011) <em>Bat\u0131 Trakya T\u00fcrk Toplulu\u011funun Rodoplardaki Bulu\u015fma Noktas\u0131: Se\u00e7ek Yaylas\u0131 Tarihi Se\u00e7ek Ya\u011fl\u0131 G\u00fcre\u015fleri ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Etkinlikleri<\/em>, Mill\u00ee Folklor, S. 91, (Eri\u015fim), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.millifolklor.com\">http:\/\/www.millifolklor.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>TOPRAK, Serap, (2014) <em>T\u00fcrk-Yunan Siyasi \u0130li\u015fkileri \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde Bat\u0131 Trakya Sorunu<\/em>, Bitlis Eren \u00dcniversitesi, SBE. Dergisi, C. 3, S. 1, s. 43-54, Haziran.<\/p>\n<p>TURAN, Mustafa, (1998) II. <em>Viyana Muhasaras\u0131: Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;nde Siyasi, \u0130dari ve Askeri \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclme<\/em>, Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi OTAM, S.9, s.389-429.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00dcRBEDAR, Erhan, (t.y.) <em>Balkanlar\u2019da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Topluluklar ve T\u00fcrkiye<\/em>, (Eri\u015fim), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.balgoc.org.tr\/2004\/bmtseminer\/bursateblig.htm\">http:\/\/www.balgoc.org.tr\/2004\/bmtseminer\/bursateblig.htm<\/a>, 28.09.2015.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> 12.03.2016 tarihinde Ankara Bat\u0131 Trakya T\u00fcrk Birli\u011fi Derne\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen etkinlikte seminer olarak sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler Uzman\u0131, BULT\u00dcRK Derne\u011fi Ankara Temsilci.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-588845636\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>12 Mart 2016 Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc merkezi Ankara\u2019da bulunan Bat\u0131 Trakya T\u00fcrk Birli\u011fi Derne\u011fi\u2019nin d\u00fczenlemi\u015f oldu\u011fu etkinlikte; BULT\u00dcRK Ankara Temsilcimiz Sn. \u0130smail C\u0130NG\u00d6Z taraf\u0131ndan \u201cBalkanlar\u0131n D\u00fcn\u00fc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":16614,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/ismail-cingoz1.jpg?fit=237%2C215&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-4Lg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18306"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18306\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16614"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}