{"id":1775,"date":"2013-05-22T08:56:26","date_gmt":"2013-05-22T05:56:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=1775"},"modified":"2019-07-18T23:57:25","modified_gmt":"2019-07-18T21:57:25","slug":"muftuluk-uzerine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/muftuluk-uzerine\/","title":{"rendered":"BULGAR\u0130STAN’DA M\u00dcFT\u00dcL\u00dcK \u00dcZER\u0130NE"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00fcft\u00fc se\u00e7imlerine devlet m\u00fcdahalesinden, se\u00e7ilen m\u00fcft\u00fclerin g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirmesinin engellenmesi ve g\u00f6rev gasp\u0131ndan, dini \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin engellenmesinden s\u00f6z edildi\u011finde akla \u00f6nce Yunanistan gelir. Bulgaristan\u2019daki uygulamalar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ise asl\u0131nda Yunanistan\u2019da ya\u015fananlar\u0131n benzeri baz\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Yunanistan\u2019daki m\u00fcft\u00fc se\u00e7imi sorunu, m\u00fcft\u00fc se\u00e7imlerinin tan\u0131nmamas\u0131, atanm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcft\u00fc gelene\u011finin ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve se\u00e7ilmi\u015f m\u00fcft\u00fclerin de \u00e7e\u015fitli bahanelerle tutuklanarak cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, bu konudaki Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi\u2019nin Yunanistan aleyhine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar\u0131n ihmal edilerek se\u00e7ilmi\u015f m\u00fcft\u00fclerin makama iadesinin yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. Bulgaristan\u2019da ise ayn\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar bir mahkeme karar\u0131yla al\u0131n\u0131yor.
\nBulgaristan\u2019daki 920 imam ve 10 b\u00f6lge vaizinin ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve din hizmetlerini 16 B\u00f6lge M\u00fcft\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n din\u00ee i\u015flerinden sorumlu olan 1300\u2019e yak\u0131n cami enc\u00fcmenli\u011fi \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fcten Bulgaristan Ba\u015fm\u00fcft\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc[1], Bulgaristan\u2019daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman az\u0131nl\u0131k kadar T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in de en az Hak ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Hareketi (H\u00d6H) kadar \u00f6nemli.<\/span> 19 Nisan 1909 tarihli \u0130stanbul Protokol\u00fc ve eki olan s\u00f6zle\u015fme Bulgaristan\u2019daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n dini hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini d\u00fczenlerken 29 Eyl\u00fcl 1913’te imzalanan \u0130stanbul Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n eki olarak da Bulgaristan\u2019daki m\u00fcft\u00fclerin g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 saptayan ek bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/span>. Ba\u015fm\u00fcft\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra se\u00e7iminin \u00fclkedeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarca yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 da bu ek s\u00f6zle\u015fmede belirlenmi\u015ftir.[2] Bulgaristan Anayasas\u0131 ve Dinler Kanunu gere\u011fince ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kurum olan Ba\u015fm\u00fcft\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn i\u015fleyi\u015finde ya\u015fanan aksakl\u0131klar ise s\u00f6z konusu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin pratikteki i\u015flerli\u011fi konusunda ciddi \u015f\u00fcpheler uyand\u0131r\u0131yor. Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Mill\u00ee M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Konferans\u0131 ile 31 Ekim oy birli\u011fiyle Ba\u015fm\u00fcft\u00fc olarak se\u00e7ilen Dr. Mustafa Hac\u0131 Ali\u015f\u2019in mahkeme kayd\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan kriz y\u00fcksek mahkemenin de se\u00e7imi usuls\u00fcz kabul etmesiyle b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Eski Ba\u015fm\u00fcft\u00fc Nedim Gencev’in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 itiraz \u00fczerine \u00f6nce Sofya \u015eehir Mahkemesi\u2019nin 8. Mahkeme Odas\u0131 Heyeti, Ba\u015fm\u00fcft\u00fc se\u00e7iminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Y\u00fcksek \u0130slam \u015euras\u0131 ba\u015fkan ve \u00fcye se\u00e7imi ve bundan \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm \u015furalar\u0131n kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n mahkeme kayd\u0131n\u0131n sicilden silinmesi karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Daha sonra bu karar \u0130stinaf Mahkemesi ve en son da 12 May\u0131s 2010\u2019da Y\u00fcksek \u0130dare Mahkemesi’nce onand\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yap\u0131lan se\u00e7im iptal edilmi\u015f oldu.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mahkemenin karar\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda her ne kadar gerekli t\u00fcm belge ve t\u00fcz\u00fcklerin usul\u00fcnce ibraz edilmemesi gibi hukuki baz\u0131 aksakl\u0131klar varsa da Jivkov d\u00f6neminde Ba\u015fm\u00fcft\u00fc olarak atanan Nedim Gencev\u2019in devrede olmas\u0131 al\u0131nan karar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda siyasi baz\u0131 niyetlerin bulundu\u011funa d\u00f6n\u00fck \u015f\u00fcphelerin olu\u015fmas\u0131na sebep oldu. Nedim Gencev, K\u0131rcaali m\u00fcft\u00fcs\u00fc iken Jivkov y\u00f6netimi d\u00f6neminde ba\u015f m\u00fcft\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe getirilmi\u015fti. Yap\u0131lan Ba\u015fm\u00fcft\u00fcl\u00fck se\u00e7imlerini mahkemeye ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 ise Bulgaristan\u2019da son d\u00f6nemde artan yabanc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrklere d\u00f6n\u00fck kimi sald\u0131r\u0131larla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak psikolojik yan\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r basan ve \u201c1980\u2019ler Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131\u201d d\u00f6neminin yeniden canland\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki bir endi\u015feyi tetiklemektedir. Bundan ba\u015fka \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r bask\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde verdi\u011fi \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n herhangi bir sorununun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki deme\u00e7ler nedeniyle Gencev \u00fczerine yap\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir \u201cKom\u00fcnist d\u00f6nem ajan\u0131\u201d imaj\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 da kendisine y\u00f6nelen tepkileri artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Mahkemenin Gencev\u2019in itiraz\u0131 ile konferans\u0131 ge\u00e7ersiz kabul etmesi ise son d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrklere d\u00f6n\u00fck di\u011fer t\u00fcm olumsuz geli\u015fmelerle birle\u015fiyor ve Bulgaristan\u2019da neredeyse 20 y\u0131lda bir tekrarlanan T\u00fcrklerin g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlanmas\u0131 giri\u015fiminin yeni bir tezah\u00fcr\u00fc olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Nitekim 1989\u2019da zirveye ula\u015fan asimilasyon hareketleri ve zorunlu b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7en 20 y\u0131l\u0131n son d\u00f6nemleri \u00fclkede \u00f6zelde T\u00fcrklere genelde ise t\u00fcm Bulgaristan az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalara sahne olmu\u015ftu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Ba\u015fm\u00fcft\u00fc se\u00e7imine mahkeme kanal\u0131yla yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleler \u2013ki 1997, 2000 ve 2005\u2019teki se\u00e7imlerinin ak\u0131beti de benzer olmu\u015ftu- m\u00fcft\u00fc se\u00e7imi serbest\u00eesine m\u00fcdahale olarak de\u011ferlendirildi ve devletin atama usul\u00fcn\u00fc benimsedi\u011fi ve bir anlamda Kom\u00fcnist d\u00f6nem bask\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc imaj\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fm\u00fcft\u00fc se\u00e7iminin bir mahkeme karar\u0131 ard\u0131ndan krize d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi Bulgaristan\u2019daki T\u00fcrkleri harekete ge\u00e7irdi. \u00d6nce M\u00fcsl\u00fcman din adamlar\u0131nca ba\u015flayan protestolar, \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Protestolar\u0131n bir cephesini Ba\u015fm\u00fcft\u00fc se\u00e7imine yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleye verilen tepki olu\u015fturuyor. Ger\u00e7ekte ise bu sadece son nokta idi. Bug\u00fcn ya\u015fananlar, uzun zamand\u0131r T\u00fcrkleri hedef alan kimi sald\u0131r\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik d\u00fc\u015fmanca a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc. Bunda gerek 2005 se\u00e7imlerinde Bulgaristan parlamentosuna giren ve siyasetini \u00fclkenin az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131ndan kurtulma \u00fczerine olu\u015fturan \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 parti ATAKA\u2019n\u0131n gerekse de Temmuz 2009 se\u00e7imleri ile iktidara gelen ve ATAKA\u2019n\u0131n deste\u011fi ile az\u0131nl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmeti olu\u015fturabilen Avrupal\u0131 Geli\u015fimi \u0130\u00e7in Sivil Hareket (GERB) ve onun lideri Ba\u015fbakan Boyko Borisov\u2019un ciddi rol\u00fc bulunuyor. Hak ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Hareketi, Kom\u00fcnist d\u00f6nemin sona ererek demokratikle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile birlikte T\u00fcrklerin siyasi alanda kendilerine yer bulmas\u0131 ve parlamentoda haklar\u0131n\u0131 -yetersiz de olsa- savunacak bir g\u00fcce kavu\u015fmalar\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu. ATAKA\u2019n\u0131n direk T\u00fcrkleri, GERB ve Borisov\u2019un H\u00d6H\u2019\u00fc hedef alan a\u00e7\u0131klama ve uygulamalar\u0131 \u00fczerine Ba\u015fm\u00fcft\u00fcl\u00fck gibi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve T\u00fcrk kimliklerinin korunmas\u0131 anlam\u0131nda gelen bir kuruma yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale, asl\u0131nda yeni bir s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. 18 Haziran 2010\u2019da \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lan y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f art\u0131k sadece Ba\u015fm\u00fcft\u00fcl\u00fck se\u00e7imi krizi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Bulgaristan\u2019da ya\u015fananlar bu noktadan sonra T\u00fcrklerin \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 koyu\u015fu ve haklar\u0131n\u0131 koruma m\u00fccadelesi olarak okunacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mustafa Bereketli<\/p>