{"id":17599,"date":"2016-01-01T22:25:48","date_gmt":"2016-01-01T20:25:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=17599"},"modified":"2016-01-01T22:25:48","modified_gmt":"2016-01-01T20:25:48","slug":"turkler-ruslar-ve-bulgarlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/turkler-ruslar-ve-bulgarlar\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00dcRKLER, RUSLAR VE BULGARLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Prof. Dr. Muzaffer TUFAY<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Giri\u015f &#8211; Uluslar\u0131n B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00f6\u00e7leri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Milletler yerle\u015fik bir d\u00fczen kurmak i\u00e7in ge\u00e7mi\u015fte b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7lere giri\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Karadeniz, Ege ve Akdeniz havzalar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck zenginlikler sayesinde \u00e7e\u015fitli &#8220;kavim ve milletlerin dikkatini \u00e7ekmi\u015fler, onlar\u0131n ilgi alam halinegelmi\u015flerdir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile Kafkasya, K\u0131r\u0131m, Anadolu ve Balkanlar \u00e7e\u015fitli milletlerin u\u011frak yeri haline gelmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkler, uluslar\u0131nb\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7leri esnas\u0131nda \u015fimdiki oturduklar\u0131 yerlere gelerek yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Bu husus teredd\u00fctlere yer b\u0131rakmayacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde a\u00e7\u0131k ve kesindir.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk, Rus veBulgar m\u00fcnasebetleri \u00f6lduk\u00e7a eskiye dayan\u0131r. Bu ili\u015fkilerde olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131k ve birbirine z\u0131t ekonomik menfaatler \u00f6nemli role sahiptir. Kafkasya, K\u0131nm, Anadolu ve Balkanlar Do\u011fu ile Bat\u0131 aras\u0131nda her zaman \u00f6nemli bir bulu\u015fum noktas\u0131 ol\u015fturmu\u015ftur. De\u011fi\u015fik \u0131rk, medeniyet ve dine mensup insanlar\u0131n bulu\u015ftuklar\u0131 bir merkez olmas\u0131 hesab\u0131 ile, b\u00f6lge \u00e7ok hassas dengeleri de ihtiva etmektedir. T\u00fcrkler bu b\u00f6lgelere de\u011fi\u015fik zamanlarda gelmi\u015flerdir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-373737755\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Karadeniz&#8217;in kuzeyinden inerek Romanya&#8217;y\u0131 ge\u00e7mek suretiile Bulgaristan ve Makedonya&#8217;ya ula\u015fan \u015eaman T\u00fcrklerdir. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da Horasan&#8217;dan gelip Anadolu \u00fczerinden Balkanlara ula\u015fan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrklerdir. B\u00f6ylece, T\u00fcrkler, bu b\u00f6lgelere de\u011fi\u015fik zamanlarda muhtelif b\u00f6lgelerden gelerek yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir<strong>. Bu suretle Ruslar ve Slav k\u00f6kenli Bulgarlardan \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkler bu yerlerin sahipleri olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/strong> Daha sonra bu b\u00f6lgeleri i\u015fgal eden Ruslar ve Slav k\u00f6kenli Bulgarlar askeri bak\u0131mdan hakimiyet elde etmelerine ra\u011fmen kendi topra\u011f\u0131m kendisi i\u015fleyen T\u00fcrkler ger\u00e7ek sahiplikierini korumu\u015f ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile devam ettirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bu durum &#8216;bize T\u00fcrklerin Balkan \u00fclkeleri ve Bulgaristan&#8217;a XIV.as\u0131rdan \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nceki bir tarihte gelip yerle\u015ftiklerini ispatlar.<\/strong> Ba\u015fka bir ifade ile, \u00e7e\u015fitli T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 Balkan yar\u0131madas\u0131 ve Bulgaristan&#8217;a Slavlarla beraber b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7ler esnas\u0131nda T\u00fcrk olarak gelip yerle\u015fmi\u015f,hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 buralarda s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Zamanla bu eski T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Slav kad\u0131nlar\u0131yla evlenip, erimek zorunda, \u00f6z benli\u011fini yitirmek durumunda kalm\u0131\u015f, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumu\u015ftur. Yani Balkanlarda ve Bulgaristan&#8217;daki T\u00fcrkler men\u015fe\/orijin{itibari ile T\u00fcrk olup sonradan T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesi asla s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Tam tersine tarihi ger\u00e7ek olarak t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya ansiklopedileri, \u00a0tarih eserleri, ar\u015fivleri, bilim ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklar ispatlamaktad\u0131r. Di\u011ferleri aras\u0131nda bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi resmi Bulgaristan Tarihisbile kabul etmektedir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Slavlar ile \u0130lk Bulgarlar aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131m yapmaktad\u0131r\/Prab\u0131lgari i Slavyani\/. Bu, PraBulgarlar yani \u0130lk Bulgarlar&#8217;\u0131n Slav olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kabul ve ispat etmek demektir. Zaten PraBulgar\u0131n T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli olduklar\u0131 t\u00fcm ciddi Slav, Rus dahil d\u00fcnya Tarih eserleri ve ansiklopedileri de a\u00e7\u0131k ve kesin \u015fekilde ifade etmekteler. Di\u011ferleri aras\u0131nda bu tarihi ger\u00e7ek Prabulgar\u0131n Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f d\u00f6nemleri ile de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Eski T\u00fcrk Kavimlerinin Serfleri Olarak Ruslar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya tarih kitaplar\u0131 ve ansiklopedileri, <strong>Slavlar\u0131n ana yurtlar\u0131n\u0131n Tuna&#8217;n\u0131n kuzeyinde olduk\u00e7a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6lge oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/strong> Milattan sonra 5&#8217;nci y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar pek bilinen bir kavim olmayan Slavlar eski T\u00fcrk kavimlerinin g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketleri sayesinde tan\u0131n\u0131r olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi yalmzca Bizans tarih\u00e7ileri de\u011fil g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Rus bilim adamlar\u0131 da kabul etmektedirler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Georg Ostrogorsky&#8217;nin &#8220;Bizans Devleti Tarihi&#8221; adl\u0131 eserinin 76&#8217;nc\u0131 sayfas\u0131nda \u0130ustiruanos I. Devletinin 565 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki durumunu g\u00f6steren haritada, Slavlar\u0131n Karadeniz&#8217;e ula\u015fmayan ve Tuna&#8217;n\u0131n kuzeyinde Avarlar, Antlar, Gepidler ve Bizans aras\u0131nda yer alan bir b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 3<\/p>\n<p>.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2333102225\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>5&#8217;nci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na do\u011fru Attila idaresindeki Hunlar\u0131n ak\u0131nlar\u0131 ile gittik\u00e7e yo\u011funla\u015fan g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketleri neticesinde, Hunlar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Ogurlar, Avarlar, Tuna Bulgarlar, Bulaklar, Pe\u00e7enekler, O\u011fuzlar, Kumanlar ve di\u011fer T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 Karadenizin kuzeyinden ge\u00e7erek Avrupa, ve Tuna&#8217;y\u0131 a\u015farak Balkanlara ula\u015ft\u0131lar. G\u00f6\u00e7 eden bu T\u00fcrk kavimleri yollar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki di\u011fer kavimleri de harekete ge\u00e7irerek bu harekete katt\u0131lar. Yol \u00fczerindeki di\u011fer kavimlerin bu b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketine kat\u0131lmas\u0131nda Avarlar\u0131n hususi ve \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc vard\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc &#8220;Avarlar g\u00f6\u00e7ebe olduklar\u0131ndan, i\u015fgal edilen arazilere toprak i\u015fleyen serf kavmi \u0130skan etmeye ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131.4 Bu serfler Avarlar\u0131n seferlerinde yaya asker olarak da hizmet g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olmal\u0131lar. Bunun da \u00f6tesinde Avarlar Slav kavimlerini kendi topraklar\u0131ndan ba\u015fka Tuna&#8217;n\u0131n g\u00fcney y\u00f6relerine de cebren iskan etmi\u015flerdir.5 B\u00f6y\u0131ece Bizans, Balkanlarda ve Do\u011fu Avrupa&#8217;da gittik\u00e7e artan bir hareketlilik ve karga\u015fa ile y\u00fcz y\u00fcze geldi:<\/p>\n<p>Bizans art\u0131k Avarlar ve onlar\u0131n tabi olan orta Tuna b\u00f6lgesi-Slav kabilelerinin artan bask\u0131s\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yayd\u0131. Bunun bir sonucu olarak Bizans&#8217;\u0131n Sava ve Tuna ge\u00e7itlerini koruyan savunma noktalar\u0131nda \u015fiddetli bir m\u00fccadele ba\u015flad\u0131. Uzun ve zorlu bir ku\u015fatmadan sonra Avar ka\u011fan\u0131 Bayan 582 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sirmium&#8217;a girdi. \u0130ki y\u0131l sonra Viminacium ve ge\u00e7ici ,bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in Singidunum da d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.6 Art\u0131k Bizans savunma duvar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Avar-Slav dalgas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn Balkan yar\u0131madas\u0131na yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (Harita I).<\/p>\n<p>Avarlar Balkan yar\u0131madas\u0131nda da Slavlar\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcleri, e\u011fiticileri, sava\u015flarda ise m\u00fcttefikleri olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bize kadar gelen Avar \u00f6zel isimlerinin her biri itirazs\u0131z bir \u015fekilde T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden a\u00e7\u0131klanabilmektedir: Bayan, Bo-kolabur \/ba\u015f-\u015faman\/, tudun, kagan, tarkl\u0131an, mergen:&#8221;&#8217;ok\u00e7u&#8221;,solak, k\u00f6k: mavi vb. <strong>T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede Avar kavim ad\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131 da &#8220;dik kafal\u0131&#8221; demektir.<\/strong> (Bkz. L. Rasonyi, ay\u0131n eser, s. 7-11).<\/p>\n<p>En eski Rus y\u0131ll\u0131klar\u0131na at\u0131fta bulunmam\u0131z Avarlar\u0131n Slavlara yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkiyi \u00f6l\u00e7ebilmek i\u00e7in yeterlidir: &#8220;Avarlar, Slavlar\u0131 sefalete terkettiler. Slav kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 kendilerine ait olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fcler&#8221;. 8 Zamanla Avar atal\u0131 ve Slav anneli \u00e7ocuklar Slavca konu\u015farak atalar\u0131n\u0131n dilini \u00f6\u011frenemeyecek zorunda kalacaklar, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc babalar\u0131 daima harekette bulunuyor, evde ise anneleri \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na kendi Slav dilini \u00f6\u011freteceklerdir. Eski T\u00fcrk ka\u015fimli k\u00f6keninden olan Avarlar belki mahvolacakt\u0131lar, fakat ardlar\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek gelen di\u011fer T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 ile birle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. <strong>\u00d6rne\u011fin Onogurlannkiyle birlikte Avarlar Tarihte T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli kavimlerinin ad\u0131n\u0131 canlat\u0131racaklard\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"photo \"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"photo_img img\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fbcdn-sphotos-f-a.akamaihd.net\/hphotos-ak-xpa1\/v\/t1.0-9\/s720x720\/1512310_10152557273862951_5258136518848092212_n.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En bat\u0131daki Ogur kavmi olan Onogurlann hakimiyeti \u0130\u00e7.Asya&#8217;dan Ural.b\u00f6lgesine kadar uzanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6nce Kuban b\u00f6lgesine g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015flerdir. Bulgar-T\u00fcrk men\u015feli al\u0131nt\u0131 kelimelerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 Volga, Ural, Karpat, Tuna ve Balkan Yar\u0131madas\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde yer adlar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmekteyiz. \u00d6rne\u011fin G\u00fcney-Karpatlar&#8217;\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ge\u00e7itlerinde stratejik \u00f6nemi olan yerlerde Bulgar-T\u00fcrk men\u015feli yer adlar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: <strong>Karasugy -Krasso \/ Kara Su \/, Sebin \/ Sevin<\/strong> v.b. 803-814 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Bulgaristan Han\u0131 olan Krum&#8217;un ad\u0131n\u0131n orijinal \u015fekli bile<strong>Kurum veya Korum idi. <\/strong>Krum Han Avarlarla ve Franklada da boy \u00f6l\u00e7m\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Karpat-Havzas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcneydo\u011fu k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Bulgaristan&#8217;\u0131n egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na sokmu\u015f, Bulgar-T\u00fcrklerini Avarlar\u0131n hatalar\u0131ndan uzak tutmak i\u00e7in, ilk kanun kitab\u0131n\u0131n meydana getirilmesini zaruri g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Krum&#8217;un halefi olan <strong>Omurtag&#8217;\u0131n ad\u0131 da Bulgar-T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi bir ku\u015f ad\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-3458971828\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Zaten Krum Han&#8217;\u0131n hat\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 koruyan an\u0131t; ku\u015flar\u0131n kaya-r\u00f6lyef \u015feklinden ibarettir. K\u0131sacas\u0130, Bulgar-T\u00fcrk \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Tuna&#8217;dan kuzeye, Karpatlar&#8217;a kadar Ruslar\u0131 ve t\u00fcm Slavlar\u0131 serfleri olarak kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Fakat kendi \u00f6z anayurtlanndan uzak kal\u0131nca Avarlar gibi Bulgar-T\u00fcrkleri de Slav kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 kendilerine ait olarak\u00a0 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bunlarla evlenip; zaman ge\u00e7ince, IX.yy&#8217;\u0131n sonunda Bulgar-T\u00fcrklerinin Slavla\u015fmas\u0131 tamamlanm\u0131\u015f yolunu alm\u0131\u015f, aradan gelen gen\u00e7 nesillerin ana dilleri Slavca olmu\u015f. Ancak baz\u0131 ad\u0131 Bulgar-T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi olan birka\u00e7 y\u00f6netici \u015fah\u0131s bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130kinci T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli Bulgar \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 <strong>Pe\u00e7enekler ve Kumanlar<\/strong> kuracaklar. Avarlar ve Bulgar-T\u00fcrkleri gibi, Pe\u00e7enekler ve Kumanlar b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk fatihlerine sahip oldular. Yeni gelen unsurlarla g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle kendilerini tazeleyebilmi\u015flerdi. Milittan sonra Onuncu yy. kadar t\u00fcm bu T\u00fcrk kavimleri \u015eamanist inanc\u0131na sad\u0131k kalarak Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etmemi\u015flerdir.8a<\/p>\n<p>Pe\u00e7enekler, Ruslarla \u00e7ok sert sava\u015flar yapm\u0131\u015flar ve onlar\u0131n denize inmelerine uzun s\u00fcre engel olmu\u015flard\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn Onuncu yy. boyunca Karadeniz \u00fczerinde hakimiyet kurmak isteyen Slavlar\u0131n\/Ruslar\u0131n arzular\u0131na m\u00fcsaade vermemi\u015flerdir. Karadenizin Bizans alt\u0131 bulunan g\u00fcney k\u0131sm\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, do\u011fu, kuzey ve bat\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleri T\u00fcrk kavimlerin elinde bulunmaktayd\u0131.<strong>B\u00f6ylece Karadeniz bir T\u00fcrk g\u00f6l\u00fc haline gelmi\u015fti.<\/strong> <strong>Yani Ruslar Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda yoktu.<\/strong> XI. yy.&#8217;da yeni g\u00f6\u00e7 eden T\u00fcrk unsurlann ak\u0131m\u0131 istemeyerek Ruslar\u0131n i\u015fine yarar. Uzlar do\u011fudan, Ruslar kuzeyden Pe\u00e7eneklere sald\u0131r\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n<p>Pe\u00e7enekler de bask\u0131dan ka\u00e7\u0131p g\u00fcneyi istila ettiler ve Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;na durmadan ak\u0131nlar yapt\u0131lar. 1050&#8217;de Tuna&#8217;dan g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp, kanl\u0131 sava\u015flardan sonra Bizans esaretine d\u00fc\u015fen \u0130lk Pe\u00e7enek kabile ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan olmak zorunda kald\u0131lar. Buna ra\u011fmen, Pe\u00e7enekIer kendi \u00f6z varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 savunuyorlard\u0131. 1069-1118 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Bizans \u0130mparatoru Alexios Pe\u00e7enekler taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Uzlar \/ O\u011fuzlar \/ I055&#8217;de Dnyeper hatt\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flar ve Rus Prensliklerini s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n ad\u0131 Rus\u00e7ada Tork veya \u00e7o\u011fu\u0131da Torklar \u015feklini alm\u0131\u015f. O\u011fuzlar kendilerini T\u00fcrk diye adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 <strong>Rus\u00e7ada Tork, T\u00fcrk&#8217;\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r,<\/strong> \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ruslarda \u00fc sesini ifade etmek i\u00e7in harf bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan o kullanmaktad\u0131r. O\u011fuzlar\u0131n Karadeniz kuzeyinden ve Tuna&#8217;y\u0131 a\u015farak bat\u0131ya do\u011fru ilerleyen k\u0131sm\u0131 Rus b\u00f6lgesindeki k\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc so\u011fu\u011fu kaf\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6\u00e7e devam etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1660910818\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>O\u011fuzlar\u0131n \u0131rkda\u015flar\u0131 ve Sel\u00e7uklular diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan O\u011fuzlar da Anadolu \u00fczerinden Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nu s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorlard!. T\u00fcrk kavimlerinin ba\u015fka bir k\u0131sm\u0131 XI yy.&#8217;da Man\u00e7urya&#8217;dan Kiev&#8217;e kadar olan yol \u00fczer\u0130nde b\u00fcy\u00fck fatihlere sahipti. <strong>Kuman <\/strong>ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bu T\u00fcrk kavmi Rusya ile sava\u015fa tutu\u015fmu\u015f ve 1068&#8217;de \u00fc\u00e7 Rus Prensine kar\u015f\u0131 zafer kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat 1103&#8217;de birle\u015fik Rus ordular\u0131, Kuman ordusunu da bir yenilgiye u\u011fratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun nedeni Kuman kavminin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumamal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bulunuyordu. Kumanlar do\u011fuda, \u00f6zellikle Yaropolk&#8217;un 1116, 1120 sonra 1140 y\u0131l\u0131 seferleri vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Donec ve Don b\u00f6lgesindeki iskan yerlerine, g\u00fcneyde ise, Tuna yan\u0131ndaki d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011fe p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u0130ki grup aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak kopmu\u015ftu. 1103 yenilgisinden 50 y\u0131l ge\u00e7meden, Kumanlar yeniden ilerlemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar, 1152&#8217;de do\u011fudaki yerle\u015fim yerlerinden tekrar Dnyper&#8217;e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flar, 1178-1190, 1192&#8217;de yeniden ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmu\u015flar ve yeni bir g\u00fcce kavu\u015fmu\u015flard\u0131r. XII. yy. sonunda Kuman-K\u0131p\u00e7ak \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nun h\u00fckm\u00fc alt\u0131nda bulunan hayat sahas\u0131 Karpatlar&#8217;\u0131n doru\u011fundaki Demirkap\u0131da, oradan Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, daha do\u011frusu Bulgaristan&#8217;\u0131n Tuna s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda ve Karadeniz&#8217;de son buluyordu. K\u0131r\u0131m Yar\u0131madas\u0131 da Kumanlar\u0131n etki alan\u0131na dahildi ve Yar\u0131mada&#8217;n\u0131n kuzeydeki bozk\u0131r k\u0131sm\u0131na onlar yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdi. Liman \u015fehirleri olan Sudak, Yalta, vb. lticaret merkezleri\u00a0 Kuman-K\u0131p\u00e7ak \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;na vergi \u00f6d\u00fcyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Kuman T\u00fcrkleri ile Ruslar aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015flar ne kadar \u015fiddetli ve devaml\u0131 olursa olsun Kumanlar\u0131 mafhedememi\u015fti. Galip ve ma\u011flup rolleri de\u011fi\u015fiyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin Ruslar ilk galibiyetten sonra ma\u011flup oluyorlar ve prens \u0130gor da esir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor, Volodim\u0130r orada ba\u011flan\u0131p kal\u0131yor. Ancak zaman ve mekan i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lan Kuman-Rus evlilikleri ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr etkiler\u0130n derinle\u015ftirilmesi Kuman T\u00fcrklerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n erimesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6nde Kumanlar aras\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyan ilkelerinin \u015furada burada yaymas\u0131 da \u00f6nemli rol oynamaktaym\u0131\u015f. Fakat Kuman-Rus sava\u015flar\u0131 hen\u00fcz sona ermemi\u015fti. Kumanlar 1203&#8217;de Kiev&#8217;i alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Kumanlar\u0131n yenilgisini Mo\u011follar sa\u011fl\u0131yodar. l238-39&#8217;da Mo\u011follar birka\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde Rus prensIiklerinin arazisini orman ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131na kadar tamamen i\u015fgal etmi\u015flerdi. Dnyeper ve Don aras\u0131ndaki Kumanlara da s\u0131ra gelmi\u015fti. Bunlarin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 K\u00f6ten ve kad\u0131n ile \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 40.000 askeri ile birlikte Macaristan&#8217;da s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131. Fakat Cengiz Han&#8217;\u0131n Mo\u011follar\u0131 oray\u0131 da i\u015fgal ettiler. K\u00f6ten k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irildi. Kumanlar Macaristan&#8217;dan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar ve Sava&#8217;dan ge\u00e7ip Balkanlara gittiler. Tabidir ki b\u0130r k\u0131sm\u0131 kal\u0131p Macarla\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6tekileri ise Balkanlarda erime zorunda kald\u0131lar. Bunlardan kalan Venedik San Marea K\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde bulunan &#8220;Codex Cumanicus&#8221; g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ilgin\u00e7 bir tarih ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr eseridir.<\/p>\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak, 6&#8217;nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki Avarlar\u0131n feth ettikleri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak, Tuna Bulgarlar\u0131ndan, Bulaklar, Pe\u00e7enekler, O\u011fuzlar, Kumanlar ve di\u011fer T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131na ge\u00e7erek Mo\u011follar dahil olmak \u00fczere, XIII.yy.&#8217;a kadar yedi yy. boyunca <strong>eski T\u00fcrk kavimlerinin Rus n\u00fcfusunun efendileri olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmekteyiz.<\/strong> Burada Alt\u0131n Ordu&#8217;nun G\u00fcney Rusya&#8217;daki hakimiyetinden de bahsetmemiz gerekmektedir. Demek oluyor ki, eskiden beri T\u00fcrk kavimleri Ruslardan \u00fcst\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f. &#8220;T\u00fcrklerin Ruslar \u00fczerinde \u00f6zellikle askeri, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve metal i\u015fletmecili\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan etkisi kuvvetli olmu\u015ftur. Pe\u00e7enek, Kuman ve di\u011fer T\u00fcrk kavimlerin Rus folkloru ve dil bak\u0131m\u0131ndan etki yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesizdir.&#8221;10<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. T\u00fcrk K\u00f6kenli \u0130lk Bulgar Devletleri<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-4060826636\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Karadenizin kuzeyinden ge\u00e7ip ve Tuna&#8217;y\u0131 a\u015farak Bulgaristan ile t\u00fcm Balkan yanmadas\u0131na gelen eski T\u00fcrk kavimleri hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn Bizans tarihi kaynaklar\u0131nda zikrolunmaktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131l\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131 bu konu ile ilgili ele ald\u0131klar\u0131 her kaynak belge i\u00e7in geni\u015f bilgi vermi\u015flerdir.Bu bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n isimlerini ve ele ald\u0131klar\u0131 belgelerin neler olduklar\u0131n\u0131 saymak y\u00fczlerce sayfa yaz\u0131 yazmay\u0131 gerektirir. Fakat biz bunlardan bir ka\u00e7 bizantolog&#8217;un ad\u0131n\u0131 zikretmeden ge\u00e7emeyece\u011fiz: b\u00fcy\u00fck Macar bilgini <strong>Gy.Moravcs\u0131k<\/strong>, Belgrad \u00dcniversitesi Ordinary\u00fcs Profes\u00f6rlerinden <strong>G. Ostrogorsky,<\/strong> Bulgar tarih\u00e7i <strong>V. Zlatarski<\/strong>, Frans\u0131z bizantologu <strong>L. Brehier<\/strong>, Yunanl\u0131 M. <strong>Chrysolaras, \u0131. Argyropulos ve Bessarion <\/strong>vb.<\/p>\n<p>KonumuzIa ilgili en m\u00fchim ve hakiki bilimsel kaynak 1942 y\u0131l\u0131nda Budape\u015fte&#8217;de yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olan <strong>&#8216;Byzantinoturciea l, II&#8217;<\/strong> adl\u0131 \u015faheserdir. On alt\u0131 y\u0131l sonra \u00e7ok daha geni\u015fletilmi\u015f ikinci bask\u0131s\u0131 Alman Bilimler Akademisi taraf\u0131ndan Berlin&#8217;de yay\u0131mlanan bu eserin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi T\u00fcrk kavimleri tarihi ile ilgili mevcut b\u00fct\u00fcn Bizans kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 eksiksiz olarak bir araya toplamas\u0131d\u0131r. G. Moravesik&#8217;in bu derece \u00f6nemli eseri i\u00e7in G. Ostrogorsky 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 yazmaktayd\u0131.: &#8220;Moravesik ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 her kayna\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayn ve \u00e7ok vakifane bir \u015fekilde m\u00fcnaka\u015faya vaz&#8217; etti\u011fi ve her kaynak i\u00e7in, gerek el yazmas\u0131 n\u00fcshalar\u0131, gerekse bask\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan ne\u015friyat hakk\u0131nda geni\u015f bilgi verdi\u011fi cihetle, eseri, \u00f6nemi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan k\u0131ymetine baha bi\u00e7ilmez bir m\u00fcracaat kitab\u0131d\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekten de Moravcsik&#8217;\u0131n eseri Bizans tarih yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nde gelen el kitab\u0131d\u0131r.&#8221;11<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fte bil derece de\u011ferli ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda isim yapm\u0131\u015f olar\u0131 Gy. Moraves\u0131k&#8217;\u0131n &#8216;Byzant\u0130noturciea&#8217; adl\u0131 eserinde, ilk Bulgarlar\u0131n T\u00fcrk as\u0131ll\u0131 olduklar\u0131 ve sonradan slavla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 apa\u00e7\u0131k ortaya konmaktad\u0131r. Bu tarihi ger\u00e7e\u011fi G.Ostrogorsky&#8217;nin &#8216;Bizans Devleti Tarihi&#8217; isimli ve do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr dillerine \u00e7evrilmi\u015f olan eserinde de okumaktay\u0131z:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;T\u00fcrk as\u0131ll\u0131 Bulgarlar\u0131n&#8221; Balkan yar\u0131madas\u0131na giri\u015fleri Bizans devletini yeni ve b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131. Herakleios&#8217;un dost\u00e7a m\u00fcnasebetler s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Bulgarlar veya Onogur-Bulgar B\u00fcy\u00fck devleti 7. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda bat\u0131ya do\u011fru ilerlemekte olan Hazarlar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bulgarlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Hazarlara itaat ederken, bir \u00e7ok Bulgar kabilesi de o vakte kadar oturduklar\u0131 yerleri terketti. B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7e bir yurt, <strong>Asparuh<\/strong> (eski Bulgar h\u00fck\u00fcmdar listesinin \u0130sperih&#8217;i) kumandas\u0131nda bat\u0131ya do\u011fru harekete ge\u00e7ip 670-80 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Tuna munsab\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc. Kostantinos \u0131v. bu sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 kavmin kuzeys\u0131\u0131\u0131\u0131rlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesinin Bizans devleti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan arz etti\u011fi tehlikeyi pek iyi kavrad\u0131&#8230;&#8221;12<\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki al\u0131nt\u0131da \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli husus dikkati \u00e7ekmektedir: 1) Son devrin en derli toplu Bizans tarihi olarak kabul edilen G. Ostrogorsky&#8217;nin eseri ilk Bulgarlar\u0131n T\u00fcrk as\u0131ll\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ispatlamaktad\u0131r; 2) Bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi bir T\u00fcrk de\u011fil, bir Slav bilim adam\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r (G. Ostrogorsky 1902&#8217;de Petrograd&#8217;da do\u011fmu\u015f ve 1976&#8217;da Belgrad&#8217;da \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr); ve 3) Asparuh&#8217;unismi eski Bulgar h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 listesinde \u0130sperih&#8217;mi\u015f, yani tamam\u0131yla bir T\u00fcrk ad\u0131.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1686486310\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7ta Bulgarlar\u0131n, bir T\u00fcrk boyu olan Onogurlardan geldikleri,<\/strong> 680 y\u0131llar\u0131na do\u011fru Karadenizin kuzeyinden a\u015farak Tuna civar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fckleri ve Bulgar tarihinin bundan sonra ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekleri yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz eserlerde dile getirilmektedir. Yalmzca G. Ostgorsky veya Gy.Moravcs\u0131k de\u011fil, yaz\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn eski tarih eserlerinde ne Bulgar krallar\u0131ndan ne de \u00e7arlar\u0131ndan, tam aksine &#8216;Han&#8217;lardan s\u00f6z<\/p>\n<p>edilmesi onlar\u0131n eski bir T\u00fcrk kavmi-olduklar\u0131n\u0131n belgesini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r<\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>Eski Bulgar devletlerinin idari ve sosyal r\u00fctbe, \u00fcnvan ve lakaplar\u0131 i\u00e7in. kullan\u0131lan ka\u011fan, tarkan, boyla, tanr\u0131, tudun vb. isimler bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi bir ba\u015fka y\u00f6nden belgelemektedirler. Bu t\u00fcr r\u00fctbe ve \u00fcnvanlardan ba\u015fka \u00c7akar, Kuvyar, Yupan, Ohsun, Bulgar gibi kabile ve boy isimleri de bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi desteklemektedirler. Bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi daha da peki\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in hanlanna ait \u00f6zel adlar\u0131 da zikredece\u011fiz: Yabguhan, <strong>\u0130sbul, Karm\u0130\u015fos,Kubrat, \u0130sperih, Kurum, Omurtag, Sevar, Savineh, Bayan, Umor vb. <\/strong>B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, g\u00f6stermektedir ki, ilk Bulgar devletleri T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli kavimlerce kurulmu\u015f ve y\u00fczy\u0131llarca s\u00fcren m\u00fcnasebetler ve kayna\u015fmalar sonucunda Slavla\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bununla birlikte g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, hangi kavimlerin torunlar\u0131n\u0131n hangi b\u00f6lgelerde oturduklan bilinmektedir. Bunlar Bulgaristan devleti haritas\u0131 \u00fczerinde, Kuman T\u00fcrklerinin torunlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lgesi, O\u011fuz T\u00fcrklerinin meskun olduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lge, T\u00fcrk-Tatar, T\u00fcrk-Gagauz, Pe\u00e7enek-Kuman kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131, T\u00fcrk-\u015fop b\u00f6lgesi; Ogur-Pro- Bulgar ile Kuman kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve Ogur T\u00fcrklerinin b\u00f6lgesi diye etnik unsurlar ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir \u00e7izelge ile g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Bulgaristan&#8217;\u0131n T\u00fcrk as\u0131ll\u0131 eski kavimlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde \u015fahsen ziyaret etmi\u015f bulunuyorum. \u00d6rne\u011fin Vama civar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Gagauz T\u00fcrklerinin torunlar\u0131 ile bizzat g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm vard\u0131r. Bunlar, bu b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fmelerinin \u00fczerinden y\u00fczy\u0131llar ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve kendilerinin \u00f6z dini olan \u015eamanizm&#8217;i terkederek Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen hala T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-4146616966\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-35-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Gagauzlann bug\u00fcn hala T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fuyor olmalar\u0131 en az\u0131ndan \u015fu \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6re dayanmaktad\u0131r: 1) T\u00fcrk as\u0131ll\u0131 kavimlerin Bulgaristan ve Balkanlara yaln\u0131zca bir defada (670.80 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda) de\u011fil kitleler halinde ve aral\u0131ks\u0131z olarak olduk\u00e7a uzun bir d\u00f6nemde gelip yerle\u015fmeleri ve buralar\u0131 kendilerine yurt edinmeleri; 2) Bug\u00fcn, Varna etraf\u0131ndaki da\u011f k\u00f6ylerinde nispeten tecrit edilmi\u015f bir ortamda ya\u015f\u0131yor olmalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 kendi \u00f6z dillerini koruma imkan\u0131 bulmu\u015f olmalar\u0131, ve 3) Osmanl\u0131 hakimiyeti d\u00f6neminde devletin ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc sayesinde Ortodoks H\u0131risriyan olarak kalm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131. <strong>Gyula Nemeth ve Laszlo Rasonyi&#8217;e g\u00f6re Bulgar kelimesinin anlam\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e&#8217;nin Ta\u015fkent civar\u0131nda konu\u015fulan T\u00fcrkmen a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131n &#8220;bul\u011fa&#8221; s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden gelmektedir.<\/strong> Bu iki b\u00fcy\u00fck Macar bilim adam\u0131, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k, kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131karan! anlamlar\u0131na gelen &#8220;bul\u011fa&#8221; s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden t\u00fcretilmi\u015f pek \u00e7ok \u00f6zel ad tan\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da belirtmektedirler. 13<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki, Bulgar milletinin ismi bile T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6zc\u00fckten t\u00fcremedir.<\/p>\n<p>Ger\u00e7ekten de Bulgar milleti \u015fu T\u00fcrk kavimlerinden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur: Onogurlar (Tuna Bulgaristan&#8217;n\u0131n ilk kurulu\u015funu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir), Pe\u00e7enekler, O\u011fuzlar ve ikinc\u0130 hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuran Kumanlar. B\u00fcy\u00fck Macar bilgini Laszlo Rasonyi &#8220;Tuna K\u00f6pr\u00fcleri&#8221; adl\u0131 eserinin 133 ve 112&#8217;nci sayfalar\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir: &#8220;Pe\u00e7enekler ve Kumanlar 890&#8217;dan 1239&#8217;a kadar \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca Rumen n\u00fcfusuyla, onlar\u0131n efendileri olarak birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131rada arkalar\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da knez ve yer ad\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131rlarken, m\u00fcteakip y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrklerinin, te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmi\u015f bulunan Rumen prensIiklerinin timar efendisi olarak ay\u0131n zamanda iki-\u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz Kumanca kelimeyi Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrklerine mal etmektedir,&#8221; &#8220;\u0130kinci Bulgar-T\u00fcrk \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1l87&#8217;de Asen\/ Esenl&#8217;le ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve ba\u015fkenti T\u0131rnova olmu\u015ftur. Bizans&#8217;a kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan sava\u015flarda Bulaklar Slavlarla birle\u015fmi\u015f ve Kumanlar, art\u0131k tamamen Slav olan Bulgar-T\u00fcrklerinin yan\u0131nda kesin bir rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.&#8221; Sonu\u00e7 olarak belgeler g\u00f6stermektedir ki, T\u00fcrkler Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminden \u00f6nce Bulgaristan.&#8217;da ya\u015famakta ve bu topraklar\u0131n sahibi bulurunaktayd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk as\u0131ll\u0131 eski Bulgarlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lar Balkanlara girmeden \u00f6nce Slavla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Balkanlardaki Osmanl\u0131 hakimiyeti d\u00f6neminde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015flar, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da Ortodoks Hristiyan olarak kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131l s\u00fcren Osmanl\u0131 hakimiyeti d\u00f6neminde devletin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ve sayg\u0131 ortam\u0131 sayesinde her ki\u015fi ve millet kendi inanc\u0131na devam ettirme veya ba\u015fka bir dini kabul etmede serbest\u00e7e hareket edebiImi\u015ftir. Fakat pek tabiidir ki, toplum d\u00fczeninin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ve huzursuzluk \u00e7\u0131karanlara kar\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lar da idari tedbirler alm\u0131\u015flar, baz\u0131 savunma mekanizmalar\u0131rn\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu kadar uzun s\u00fcren bir hakimiyet d\u00f6neminde, e\u011fer Osmanl\u0131 devleti farkl\u0131 millet ve inan\u00e7tan olan gruplara kar\u015f\u0131 asimilasyon ve bask\u0131 uygulam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131, durum herhalde bundan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 olurdu.<\/p>\n<p>I. Bkz. Larousse&#8217;n\u0130n Bulgaristan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, 1984 yay\u0131n\u0131, s. 1565; 2. Akad, D. Kosev, Prof. Hr. Hristof, Prof. Al. Burmov, \u0130storiya na Bugariya, Drz.izdatelstvo &#8220;Narodna Prosveta&#8221; Sofiya, 1972, sayfa 14: &#8220;Po vre\u0131ne na tiy narecenoto &#8220;Vtliko preselenie na narodite&#8221; ot LV v. nasam prez zemite na Ri\u0131ns. kata imperiya preminali vestgoti, huni, vandili, ostgoti, redica ger\u0131nanski p1emena ot sever, prab\u0131lgari, slavyani i dr.&#8221; Bu konu ile ilgili Bkz: Prof. Dr. Lazslo Rasonyi, Tu.na k\u00f6pr\u00fcler!, TKAE yay\u0131nIan, Ankara, 1984. Bkz. Sh..\u0131n'&#8221;&#8221;nls\u0131n in Siberia, Etited by V, Dioszegi and M. Hoppal, Akademiai Kiade _ Budapest 1978. Bkz. Prof. Dr. \u0130brahim Kaleso\u011flu, T\u00fcrk MiLJJ. Kilit\u00fcr\u00fc, \u0130stanbul, 1985.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3701672585\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-40-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>3. Georg Ostrogorsky, Bizans Tarihi, TTKB, Ankara, 1986.<\/p>\n<p>4. Marquart, Osteurapa\u0130sche ur\u0131d Ostasiatische StIeifz\u00fcge, Leipzig, 1903.<\/p>\n<p>5. La:;zlo Rasonyi, Tur\u0131a K\u00f6pr\u00fcleri, TKAE Yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, 1984, s. 9.<\/p>\n<p>6. Sir\u0131gidunum \u015fimdiki Belgrad&#8217;\u0131n eski ad\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>7. G. Qstrogorsky, ayn\u0131 eser, $. 74-75. Avar T\u00fcrkleri, Adriyatik&#8217;te, Karada\u011f\u0131n<\/p><div id=\"bghab-355894708\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-45-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bar kentir\u0131i Kurdular. Bu \u015fehrin di\u011fer bir ad\u0131 AntiBar&#8217;i veya Tivar&#8217;d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>8. Bkz. Anonymus: SRH. \u0130. 40; ve Laszlo Rasor\u0131yi, Tuna K\u00f6pr\u00fcleri. s. 45.<\/p>\n<p>8a. Bkz. Larousse&#8217;r\u0131in 1984 yay\u0131n\u0131, Bulgaristan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, s. 1565.<\/p>\n<p>9. D.A. Rassovsky, Petchenegues, Torks et Berendes en Russle et eD HOD_<\/p>\n<p>grie, Sem. Kond. 1933. \u0131\u015f65; Rassovsky, &#8220;Polovci&#8221;, Sem. Kond. 1935-40.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-742464323\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-50-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>10. Laszlo Rasonyi, Tuna K\u00f6pr\u00fcleri, &#8230;s. 93.<\/p>\n<p>11. Bkz. G. Oslrogorsky,Bizans Devleti Tarlhi, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Bas\u0131m\u0131, Ankara,<\/p>\n<p>(Birinci Bask\u0131 1981, \u0130kinci Bask\u0131 1986). s. 20.<\/p>\n<p>12. AyIlI eser, 5. 117.<\/p>\n<p>13. Gyula Nemeth, A honfoglale magyarsag kialakulasa, Budapest, 1930, s. 97; Laszlo Rasonyi, Tuna K\u00f6pr\u00fcleri, TKAE yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, 1984, s. 5-6. Bulgar ad\u0131n\u0131n men\u015fei hakk\u0131nda iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f vard\u0131r. Bunlardan birinci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re Bulgar ad\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e &#8220;bulamak &#8211; bulgamak = kar\u0131\u015fmak&#8217;tan &#8220;bulga+r&#8221;, Bulgak, Bulgan\u00e7 = kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k&#8221;, ayr\u0131ca &#8220;di\u011fer baz\u0131 Bat\u0131 ve \u0130slam kaynakIar\u0131nda &#8220;Burgar, Bulgar, Biler,Buler&#8221; v.b. \u015fekillerindede ge\u00e7er. \u00d6rne\u011fin Bkz.: Kafeso\u011flu, T\u00fcrk Milli K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, \u0130stanbul. 1986, 183; \u0130kinci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re kelime yine T\u00fcrk\u00e7e &#8220;Bittigur (Be\u015f Ogur)&#8221; isminden gelmektedir (Kafeso\u011flu, ayn\u0131 eser, s. 189). Bulgar ad\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk as\u0131ldan geldi\u011fi kesinlik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sofya&#8217;daya y\u0131nlanan Bulgar Dilinin Etimolojik S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc&#8217;nde bile Bulgar ad\u0131n\u0131n Slavca&#8217;dan geldi\u011fi hi\u00e7 dile getirilmiyor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bir s\u00f6z oldu\u011funu herkes bilmektedir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3818530660\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-55-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bghab-217331472\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prof. Dr. Muzaffer TUFAY 1. Giri\u015f &#8211; Uluslar\u0131n B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00f6\u00e7leri Milletler yerle\u015fik bir d\u00fczen kurmak i\u00e7in ge\u00e7mi\u015fte b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7lere giri\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Karadeniz, Ege ve Akdeniz havzalar\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":17600,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egitim"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/76779_10151173611377951_1595323484_n.jpg?fit=720%2C540&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-4zR","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17599","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17599"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17599\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17600"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17599"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17599"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}