{"id":16628,"date":"2015-10-12T17:25:51","date_gmt":"2015-10-12T14:25:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=16628"},"modified":"2015-10-12T17:33:19","modified_gmt":"2015-10-12T14:33:19","slug":"bulgaristanda-gunumuze-ulasan-500-osmanli-eseri-mevcut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/bulgaristanda-gunumuze-ulasan-500-osmanli-eseri-mevcut\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulgaristan\u2019da, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan 500 Osmanl\u0131 eseri mevcut"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"bayraktar\"\u00a0Emine BAYRAKTAROVA<\/p>\n

Bulgaristan Ba\u015fm\u00fcft\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u201cDini ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miras\u0131n Korunmas\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 konferansta konu\u015fan Dr. Emine Bayraktarova, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Balkanlar\u2019da 15 bin 846 adet mimari yap\u0131 in\u015fa etti\u011fini aktard\u0131. Sofya\u2019daki \u0130slam Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlisi olan Bayraktarova, Ekrem Hakk\u0131 Ayverdi\u2019nin tespitlerine g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n

Bulgaristan’da \u0130slami mimari eserlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 3 bin 399 adet oldu\u011funa de\u011findi. Bayraktarova, \u201c1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze 80-150 aras\u0131 eser ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyordu, fakat 2001-2004 y\u0131llar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan incelemelerde Bulgaristan\u2019da 518 Osmanl\u0131 eserinin ayakta oldu\u011fu tespit edildi.\u201d diye konu\u015ftu. Ayverdiye\u2019ye g\u00f6re, 1879 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Bulgaristan\u2019da 2 bin 356 adet cami-mescit, 142 medrese, 273 mektep, 174 tekke-zaviye, 42 imaret, 116 han, 113 hamam-\u0131l\u0131ca-kapl\u0131ca, 27 t\u00fcrbe, 24 k\u00f6pr\u00fc, 16 kervansaray, 74 \u00e7e\u015fme, saat kuleleri, hastaneler, bedestenler, k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler ve \u00e7e\u015fitli sanat eserleri bulundu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir.
\nKonferansta Sofya \u00dcniver\u00adsi\u00adte\u00adsi\u2019nde Arap Dili \u00d6\u011fretim G\u00f6revlisi olan Dr. Galina Evstatieva, \u0130slam sanat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lgesel stil \u00f6zellikleri ile alakal\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda, \u0130slam sanat\u0131n\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n estetik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ileri geldi\u011fini ve Efendimiz Hz. Muhammed\u2019in (s.a.s) \u201cAllah g\u00fczeldir, g\u00fczeli sever\u201d Hadis-i \u015eerifi\u2019nden hareket ederek geli\u015fti\u011fini kaydetti. \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyaya yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tek tip bir mabet \u015fekli beklemenin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmez oldu\u011funu ifade eden Evstatieva, \u201cKurtuba\u2019daki cami ile Delhi\u2019deki camii bir tutamazs\u0131n\u0131z. \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n geni\u015flemesiyle birlikte yerel halk\u0131n estetik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 cami yap\u0131m\u0131na yans\u0131yor.\u201d diye konu\u015ftu. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcsleme sanatlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ku\u015fkusuz en zarif olan\u0131n\u0131n kaligrafi sanat\u0131 oldu\u011funu savunan Evstatieva, canl\u0131y\u0131 resmetmemek \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slam\u2019da kaligrafiyi (hat sanat\u0131) \u00e7ok ileri dereceye ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetti.<\/p>\n

\u0130slam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc uzman\u0131, \u201cHat sanat\u0131, manevi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 kabul edilmektedir. Hat sanat\u0131 sayesinde Allah\u2019\u0131n kelam\u0131yla, yine Allah\u2019\u0131n yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 tasvir ediliyor.\u201d ifadesini kulland\u0131.
\n\u0130slamda tek tip bir cami anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen Evstatieva, camilerin b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k arzetti\u011fini, fakat zaruri mimari unsurlar\u0131n korundu\u011funu aktard\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n cami prototipi Mescid-i Nebevi oldu\u011funu aktaran Evsttatieva, \u201cDinde cami prototipi Muhammed (s.a.s)\u2019in Yesrib\u2019e ( Medine) geldi\u011finde yap\u0131lan Peygamber camiidir. Bu sade yap\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fctunlar\u0131 hurma k\u00fct\u00fcklerinden, \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 hurma dallar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, duvarlar\u0131 ise ta\u015flarla \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Peygamber, minber olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Cuma hutbelerini bir a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyordu.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bu cami, her camide olmas\u0131 gereken zaruri unsurlar\u0131 ortaya koyuyordu. Bunlar ibadet yeri olan sahn, avul i\u00e7i haram, mihrap ve minberdir.\u201d s\u00f6zlerine yer verdi. \u0130slam sanat\u0131 uzman\u0131, \u201cBu ilk sade yap\u0131da minare yoktu. Bilal Habe\u015fi, y\u00fcksek bir yere \u00e7\u0131karak ezan okuyordu. Esas minare yap\u0131m\u0131 ise 8\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren geli\u015ftirildi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc mescit geni\u015fletilmeye ba\u015flan\u0131nca ezan her tarftan duyulmaz oldu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla zaruri unsurlar kullan\u0131lark d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir taraf\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar kendi k\u00fclt\u00fcr farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 camiler yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>