{"id":14467,"date":"2015-04-08T14:22:11","date_gmt":"2015-04-08T11:22:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=14467"},"modified":"2015-04-08T14:22:11","modified_gmt":"2015-04-08T11:22:11","slug":"rusyadan-kopma-sureci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/rusyadan-kopma-sureci\/","title":{"rendered":"Rusya\u2019dan Kopma S\u00fcreci"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Musa VATANSEVER<\/b><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu bir armudun dal\u0131ndan kopup yere d\u00fc\u015fmesinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ve zor bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir.<\/p>\n<p>Bulgarlar\u0131n Rusya\u2019ya s\u0131ms\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011flanma s\u00fcreci ulusal kimliklerinin ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan ayr\u0131lma umudunun enk\u00fcbasyon \u00a0(ceninin geli\u015fmesi) d\u00f6neminde mayalan\u0131p geli\u015fti. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bulgar gen\u00e7lerinden en uyan\u0131k olanlar hep Rusya bursuyla Odesa\u2019da okutuldu. Bulgar toplumuna Rusya eliyle kurtar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 beklentisi b\u00f6yle a\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Bu beklenti birikiminin kabarmas\u0131 birka\u00e7 ku\u015fak devam etti. Bu umut hep beslendi. \u00a0Biz hi\u00e7 \u00e7ekinmeden Bulgar ulusal uyan\u0131\u015f ve dirili\u015fi Osmanl\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti derken, bu s\u00fcrecin bir yere kadar da Osmanl\u0131 makamlar\u0131n\u0131n desteklemesiyle g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fini vurguluyoruz.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131: 1863\u201369 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Padi\u015fah\u0131n Rus\u00e7uk B\u00f6lge Valisi olan Mithat Pa\u015fa, \u00a0\u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6r\u00fcp Paris\u2019ten d\u00f6nerken Todor \u015ei\u015fkov\u2019u kabul eder. T\u0131rnono kentinde bir Bulgar okulu a\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ona y\u0131ll\u0131k 15 bin lira devlet \u00f6dene\u011fi ba\u011flar.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-939612723\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1877\u201378 Osmanl\u0131-Rusya Sava\u015f\u0131 Bulgar dirili\u015finde beklentinin hem doruk noktas\u0131 hem de d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir a\u015famad\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131dan kopmay\u0131 hayal eden Bulgarlar 3 Mart 1878\u2019de San Stefano Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Bulgaristan\u201d \u00f6zlemimiz ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti co\u015fkusuyla bayram ederek kutlad\u0131. Ne ki, Ba\u015fta Avusturya-Macaristan, Almanya, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere olmak \u00fczere B\u00fcy\u00fck Devletler 3 ay sonra Berlin Konferans\u0131nda durumu de\u011fi\u015ftirdiler. Bulgar Prensli\u011fi Tuna ile Koca Balkan aras\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Ba\u015f\u0131na da bir Prens dikildi. O g\u00fcn bug\u00fcn bu topraklarda 2 e\u011filim devaml\u0131 didi\u015fe geldi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Birinci<\/strong>: Bulgar topraklar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirme e\u011filimi. (Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131 San Stefano Anla\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re Rusya\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fgal topraklar\u0131n\u0131 daha dar yeni s\u0131n\u0131rlara kaparken, Osmanl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletti.) Bu sorunu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan alg\u0131larken 1912 Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131, 1913\u2019te m\u00fcttefikler aras\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131, 1913 ve 1943\u2019te Bulgar ordusunun Makedonya topraklar\u0131na girmesini hat\u0131rlaman\u0131z yeterlidir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1670008346\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>\u0130kinci<\/strong>: Bulgar ulusal \u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesidir. Bu arada Bulgar ulusal devletini kurma ve Bulgaristan\u2019da ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 eriterek ulusal kemikte b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flama her d\u00f6nemde ve her vesileyle, \u00c7arl\u0131k y\u0131llar\u0131nda ve totaliter sosyalizmde devlet politikas\u0131 olarak az\u0131nl\u0131klara zul\u00fcm edilerek uyguland\u0131. 1912\u2019de Pomaklar\u0131n isim ve dinlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, 1936 ve 1942\u2019de kimliklerine sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddetlenmesi, 1972 ve 1984\u20131989 facias\u0131 bu politikan\u0131n sonucudur.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBulgar etnik modeli\u201d etnikleri asimile etme siyasetinin, H\u00d6H (DPS) partisinin yard\u0131mlar\u0131 ve yine devletin eliyle devam\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan Bulgar devletinin, halk\u0131n ve kamuoyunun Rusya\u2019ya bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 belirleyici olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Moskova 1878\u2019de ayak bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklarda etnik, dini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel temizlik yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ya g\u00f6z yumdu ya da ye\u015fil \u0131\u015f\u0131k yakt\u0131. Rusya ile olan ili\u015fkilerdeki yarg\u0131 de\u011feri Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan ayr\u0131lan Bulgar\u2019da hemen esaslanm\u0131\u015f ve ana geli\u015fim y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu derin \u00e7eli\u015fkili bir geli\u015fim hatt\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi, iki ana e\u011filim olarak \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir:<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3303939463\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Birinci e\u011filim<\/strong>: \u201cBulgaristan\u2019\u0131n Rusya\u2019dan ihtiyac\u0131 var ve Rusyas\u0131z olamay\u0131z!\u201d Bu e\u011filimin 136 y\u0131ll\u0131k politik ge\u00e7mi\u015fi var. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde en azimli bi\u00e7imde \u201cAtaka\u201d partisi taraf\u0131ndan savunuluyor. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f milliyet\u00e7ilerin meclis grubundan (PF \u2013partisinden) ayr\u0131l\u0131p 4 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc Veliko T\u0131rnovo\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 \u201cArbanasi\u201d merkezinde Velizar En\u00e7ev taraf\u0131ndan kurulan yeni Dirili\u015f ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisi Rusya taraftar\u0131 \u00e7izgide oldu\u011funu gizlemiyor. Bulgaristan Sosyalist Partisi (BSP) de Moskova\u2019ya bir beklentiyle bakmaya hala devam ediyor. T\u00fcrklerin H\u00d6H-DPS partisi 23 y\u0131l boyunca BSP partisine \u00e7anak a\u00e7arken, asl\u0131nda Moskovac\u0131l\u0131k yapt\u0131. Birinci e\u011filimin belirtileri genelde politik d\u00fczeydedir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130kinci e\u011filim<\/strong>: 1886\u20131894 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Bulgaristan ba\u015fbakan\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda kendisi de Odesa\u2019da anti-Osmanl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 ruhla e\u011fitilmi\u015f asilerden biri olan, hen\u00fcz 20 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken V. Levski\u2019den sonra Bulgar komitac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7en, \u00a0Eski Za\u011fara Ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6neten, uzun zaman meclis ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da yapan Stefan Stanbolov bu e\u011filimi \u015f\u00f6yle nitelendirip bi\u00e7imlendirdi:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><div id=\"bghab-675241612\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cBizi kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in karde\u015f Rus halk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u015f\u00fckran borcumuz olmas\u0131 do\u011fald\u0131r. Bizim sayg\u0131n yurtta\u015f\u0131m\u0131z \u0130v. Vazov\u2019un yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi\u00a0 bu \u015f\u00fckran duygular\u0131n\u0131 \u015fiirlerimizde, romanlar\u0131m\u0131zda, romanslar\u0131m\u0131zda dile getirip ya\u015fatmal\u0131y\u0131z\u2026.fakat politikadaki \u015fiar\u0131m\u0131z \u201c<strong>Ellerinizi Yakam\u0131zdan \u00c7ekin!<\/strong>\u201d olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bulgar Rus ve Bulgaristan Rusya ili\u015fkilerinin do\u011fru bi\u00e7imde anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in cenin geli\u015fme devresindeki \u00e7atlama, ikileme ve \u00e7atalla\u015fma bu noktada a\u00e7\u0131k ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Halklar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin ile devletleraras\u0131ndaki siyasetin daha o zaman farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmek zorunday\u0131z. G\u00fcncelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir de\u011fi\u015fle, mesela bug\u00fcn Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 R. Plevneliev Moskova\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna ve K\u0131r\u0131m siyasetini ve sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131narken, AB\u2019nin Rusya yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131yor, NATO\u2019ya bizde \u00fcs kurmas\u0131na olanak veriyor, bir de Rus turistlere Bulgaristan\u2019a gelin ucuz tatil yap\u0131n diyor. Olduk\u00e7a kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k olan g\u00fcncel Bulgaristan politikas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc anlayabilmemiz imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu. Bu ikilimin geli\u015fim devreleri, Bulgar devleti ile Rusya devleti, Bulgar toplumu ile Rusya toplumu aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015fim a\u015famalar\u0131d\u0131r. 1892\u2019de Rusya \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile diplomatik ili\u015fkilerimizi kesmi\u015ftik. 1943\u2019te ABD, \u0130ngiltere, Fransa ile birlikte Stalin\u2019e de sava\u015f ilan ettik. Bug\u00fcn 7 Nisan 2015 Moskova ile olan ili\u015fkilerimiz her bak\u0131ma dibe vurmu\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Uzla\u015fmaz \u00e7eli\u015fkini temelleri derinlere uzan\u0131yor. 1839 Tanzimat \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 geli\u015fen Bulgar ulusal bilincinde motor olan Bulgar ulusal sermayesiydi. Bu sermaye Rus \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu toplum yap\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00fcretim bi\u00e7im ve ili\u015fkilerinden daha geli\u015fkin olan Osmanl\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde olu\u015fmu\u015f ve g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015fti. Bulgar sermayesinin Rusya\u2019dan alaca\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fey yoktu. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Rusya hen\u00fcz toprak k\u00f6leli\u011fi devrinden s\u0131yr\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bulgar k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri mal m\u00fclk sahibi olmu\u015f, kendi topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fliyor, i\u00e7 pazara kat\u0131l\u0131yor, d\u0131\u015f pazara a\u00e7\u0131lmaya kanat a\u00e7\u0131yordu.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2375778056\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ba\u015fka bir de\u011fi\u015fte,\u00a0 o y\u0131llarda Rusya tar\u0131m ve sanayisi Bulgar ulusal sermayesi olu\u015fum ve birikim anla\u015fmas\u0131na cevap veremedi. Bulgar devleti ve sermayesi yeni ortaklar\u0131n\u0131 Bat\u0131\u2019da aramak zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bu ili\u015fki o zaman bu zaman devam ederken, kapitalist geli\u015fimin daha ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 atmas\u0131yla 1891\u2019de Koca Balkan\u2019\u0131n Buzluca Tepesi\u2019nde kurulan Bulgaristan Sosyal Demokrat Partisi \u2013 daha sonra kom\u00fcnist ve sosyalist parti &#8211; \u00e7ok dalgaland\u0131, al\u00e7ald\u0131, y\u00fckseldi. Son 25 y\u0131lda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Bulgaristan Sosyalist Partisi olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcren bu e\u011filim, hafta sonunda Sofya\u2019da kurultay yapt\u0131. Ka\u00e7\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu hi\u00e7 \u00f6nemli de\u011fil, toplanan 5 bin delegeden % 70\u2019i 60 ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeydi.\u00a0 \u015eu ince ayr\u0131ma dikkat ediniz: Parti \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n % 80\u2019inin ya\u015f ortalamas\u0131 62 iken, Ekim 2014\u2019te yap\u0131lan son meclis se\u00e7imlerinde bu partiye oy verenlerin yar\u0131s\u0131 68 ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndedir. BSP \u00fcyelerinin % 30\u2019u \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fc emekli, % 40\u2019\u0131 k\u00f6yl\u00fc, di\u011ferleri de b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlerde, fakat yaln\u0131z ya\u015fayan emeklilerdir. Bu kurultayda ilk kez olmak \u00fczere, 25 y\u0131l \u00f6nce kendi kendini da\u011f\u0131tmak zorunda kalan Bulgaristan Kom\u00fcnist Partisini temsil eden partili kanat lideri ve 12 y\u0131l parti ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan ve halen Avrupa Sosyalistleri Ba\u015fkan\u0131 PES\u2019in d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapan S. Stani\u015fev\u2019in Kurultay salonundan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 iste\u011fi ile 25 metre uzun pankart a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Bu parti i\u00e7i ar\u0131nma Moskova\u2019dan kopma s\u00fcrecimize paralel geli\u015fti. Rusya\u2019dan kopma bug\u00fcn art\u0131k bir ad\u0131 Putinci, e\u015f anlaml\u0131 ismi de yeni-Stalincilik olan sertle\u015fme siyaset\u00e7ilerinin hemen tavsiyesi anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2407616008\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>1878\u2019de Bulgaristan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n Rus ordular\u0131 i\u015fgaline girmesine ve Bulgar Prensli\u011finin Rus Prens taraf\u0131ndan idare edilmesine ra\u011fmen, yeni Bulgar ulusal y\u00f6netimi 1886\u2019dan sonra Rus \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilerini koparma noktas\u0131na kadar gev\u015fetti. 2015 Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131nda benzer bir durum ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. 1990\u2019dan beri Moskova\u2019dan kopuyoruz. S\u00fcre\u00e7 art\u0131k 25 y\u0131ldan beri s\u00fcr\u00fcyor ve derinle\u015fiyor. Anla\u015f\u0131lan 2. so\u011fuk sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde biz Bat\u0131 cephesinde yer al\u0131p Rusya\u2019dan iyice uzakla\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Biz uzakla\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken Rusya bizden pek vazge\u00e7mek istemiyor. Bizi 1 Euro\u2019ya kapatmak istiyor. Bu durumdan \u00e7\u0131kay\u0131m derken, daha da bat\u0131yoruz. Rusya bizi yemek istiyor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bu s\u00fcrecin \u00f6z\u00fcndeki nedir? K\u0131sa yan\u0131tlarsak, Bulgar ulusal sermayesinin y\u00fcz y\u0131l arayla ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi iki olu\u015fum s\u00fcrecidir. \u0130lk a\u015fama 1878 ile 1895 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fand\u0131. O zaman Rus sermayesi Bulgaristan \u00fczerinde etki kuramad\u0131. Bulgar milli sermayesi ilk birikimini Osmanl\u0131da yapt\u0131. Moskova\u2019n\u0131n 1878 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 bu s\u00fcreci durdurdu. Yeni at\u0131l\u0131m Prenslik ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131. Rakamlarla anlat\u0131rsak 1888\u2019de yani Plevne Sava\u015f\u0131ndan 10 y\u0131l sonra, Bulgar ekonomisi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli olsa da, ulusal iktidar\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 tabakalar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yleydi. \u00dclkede 104 sanayici; 4\u00a0284 orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli t\u00fcccar; 22\u00a0542 perakende t\u00fcccar ve 51\u00a0542 serbest meslek sahibi, \u00f6\u011fretmen, doktor, avukat vs. vard\u0131. Yeni devlet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 kapal\u0131 (proteksiyonist)\u00a0 bir siyaset izleyerek, bir yandan Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n kapit\u00fclasyon uygulamas\u0131ndan kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, bat\u0131l\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerle ticaret ve onlardan kredi alma yollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yordu. \u00a0Yani Bulgar ulusal sermayesi Osmanl\u0131 ya da Rusya destekli de\u011fil, Bat\u0131 devletleri destekli olu\u015fum s\u00fcrecine girdi. Bu geli\u015fmenin politik anlam\u0131 bir de Rusya ve Osmanl\u0131dan koparken, Bat\u0131ya ba\u011flanmakt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1990\u2019dan sonra Rusya Bulgaristan\u2019dan elini \u00e7ekti. 1000 adet \u00fcretim lisans\u0131n\u0131 birden geri ald\u0131 ve i\u015fleme sanayimizi \u00e7\u00f6kertti. Do\u011fal gaz ve petrol fiyatlar\u0131na getirdi\u011fi zamlarla kimya ve demir \u00e7elik end\u00fcstrimizi \u00e7\u00f6kertti. Bulgar tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini i\u015fleme, g\u0131da ve tekstil sanayi mamullerimize y\u00fcksek g\u00fcmr\u00fck koyarak 100 adet orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sanayi tesisimizi bir \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131da kapatt\u0131. B\u00f6ylece kooperatif\u00e7i tar\u0131mdan \u00f6zel sermayeli tar\u0131m i\u015fletmecili\u011fine ge\u00e7ilmesi baltalad\u0131. Tar\u0131mda i\u00e7 pazar t\u0131kand\u0131. K\u00f6yl\u00fc gen\u00e7ler i\u015f aramaya gurbete \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca ulusal tar\u0131m fel\u00e7 oldu.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2842740946\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-35-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Rusya hi\u00e7bir tasar\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye yana\u015fmad\u0131. \u201cBurgas \u2013Aleksandropolis petrol boru hatt\u0131\u201d; \u201cBelene Atom Elektrik Santrali; Kozloduy Atom Elektrik Santrali Yedinci Reakt\u00f6r\u00fc;; \u201cG\u00fcney Ak\u0131m\u201d do\u011fal gaz boru hatt\u0131 bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. DEV PROJE DEFTERLER\u0130 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve birer birer kapand\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Bulgar enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl darbeler indi. Ard\u0131ndan Bulgar bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 seri darbeler ald\u0131. Toplam 16 banka kapand\u0131. Bulgar turizmine yat\u0131r\u0131m yapanlar da Moskova\u2019n\u0131n turistlerini geri \u00e7ekmesiyle zor g\u00fcnler ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>S\u00f6z\u00fcn k\u0131sas\u0131, 100 y\u0131l sonra da Bulgar ulusal sermayesi yine Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinin, Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin yard\u0131m\u0131yla olu\u015fmaya, dirilmeye \u00e7aba g\u00f6steriyor. Avrupa ve d\u00fcnya standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u015f yapman\u0131n zor oldu\u011fu bilinse de, ilk ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Peki\u015fen Bulgar ekonomisi Rusya\u2019dan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmay\u0131 arzuluyor. 2014\u2019te \u00fclkemiz Rusya\u2019dan 650 milyon US Dolar tutar\u0131nda genellikle yak\u0131t ve hammadde ithal ederken, d\u0131\u015f sat\u0131m\u0131m\u0131z t\u0131kanm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Yeni enerji kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 Azerbaycan ve \u0130ran\u2019da ararken T\u00fcrkiye ile yak\u0131n i\u015fbirli\u011fi yollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><div id=\"bghab-572419445\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-40-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Rusya taraf\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan kurtar\u0131lan ama k\u0131sa bir d\u00f6nem sonra Alman ve Bat\u0131 devletlerine ba\u011flanan Bulgaristan, 1944\u20131990 gibi \u00e7ok uzun bir s\u00fcre Moskova\u2019n\u0131n kuca\u011f\u0131nda kald\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede toparlan\u0131p y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. 11 y\u0131l \u00f6nce yani 2004\u2019te NATO\u2019ya girdi, 3 y\u0131l sonra da Avrupa Birli\u011fi kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131. Art\u0131k Bat\u0131 cephesinde mevzilendi ve mevzilerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdik\u00e7e Rusya\u2019dan tamamen kopmaya do\u011fru ad\u0131m at\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6nemle vurgulamak istedi\u011fimiz nokta \u015fudur. 1990 \u2018dan sonra geli\u015fen s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde yani bu arada Rusya\u2019dan uzakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015fen Bulgar toplumunda T\u00fcrk sermayesine ba\u011fl\u0131 yerli \u00e7ok etnikli ulusal burjuvazi olu\u015fturma s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flamas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemliydi. Fakat olmad\u0131. Az\u0131nl\u0131klara bu hak tan\u0131nmad\u0131. \u00a0Bulgaristanl\u0131 T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131ndan m\u00fcte\u015febbis kesimin g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesi, gen\u00e7lerin ise, Bat\u0131 devletlerine ka\u00e7mas\u0131 giri\u015fimcili\u011fin k\u00f6k salmas\u0131na engel oldu. T.C.\u2019den gelen, \u201cDo\u011fu\u015f Holding\u201d, MNG, NKA ve baz\u0131 ba\u015fka iri T\u00fcrk sermaye kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Bulgaristan \u00fczerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devlet veya belediye mal\u0131 olan alt yap\u0131 tesislerinin in\u015fas\u0131nda katk\u0131da bulunmakla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131. \u015eu anda aktif olan \u201cKoza Holding\u201d de in\u015faat kesiminde faaldir. 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cExim Bank\u201d taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lan 50 milyonluk kredi dilimini \u00f6ncelikle Bulgar devlet sanayi i\u015fletmeleri \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir s\u00fcre daha uzat\u0131lmas\u0131na yarad\u0131. Bu arada daha sonra \u201cGroup- Adres\u201d \u015feklinde bi\u00e7imlenen transport \u015firketleri kapt\u0131. T\u00fcrk sermayesi daha fazla lokantac\u0131l\u0131k ve g\u0131da sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc tercih ediyor. Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n din\u00e7le\u015fmesinde rol oynamas\u0131n\u0131 bekledi\u011fimiz say\u0131lar\u0131 binleri bulan T\u00fcrk \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencilerinin \u00fclkemizin ekonomisinde herhangi bir rol oynad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olur. \u00dcretim ili\u015fkilerimizin k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015fimine y\u00f6nelik d\u0131\u015f sermaye yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin pay\u0131 yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bulgaristan politik yap\u0131s\u0131nda 25 y\u0131ldan beri kemikle\u015fen Halk ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler (DPS) partisi \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u00fcretim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden fazla s\u00f6nmeye mahk\u00fbm \u00fcretimlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 temsil etti.\u00a0 10 y\u0131ldan beri t\u00fct\u00fcn kotalar\u0131 azal\u0131yor. Devlet \u00fcreticiyi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z desteklerken yeni \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imleri bulup geli\u015ftirmesine se\u00e7enek tan\u0131yor. Fakat yard\u0131mlar ge\u00e7im i\u00e7in harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, yeni \u00fcretimlere ge\u00e7ilemiyor.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1075776946\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-45-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>H\u00d6H partisinin demokratikle\u015fmemizin ilk 23 y\u0131l\u0131nda Moskovac\u0131 bir tav\u0131r i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131 ve iflas s\u00fcrecine seyirci kalmas\u0131 hi\u00e7bir sonu\u00e7 vermedi. Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinden 20 ki\u015finin zengin olmas\u0131 halk\u0131n ge\u00e7im s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na derman olmuyor. \u00a0T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kesimden gen\u00e7lerin d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerde i\u015fte ka\u00e7mas\u0131 ya da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015f aramalar\u0131 hen\u00fcz sonu\u00e7 belirleyici geli\u015fime kap\u0131 a\u00e7mad\u0131. \u00a0Bulgaristan\u2019da kalanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u201cisimlerine bir \u015fey olmas\u0131n diye H\u00d6H\u2019\u00fcn \u00fcslendi\u011fi bek\u00e7ilik rol\u00fc\u201d 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in ne politik, ne ekonomik, ne sosyal, ne de k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve e\u011fitimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan ge\u00e7erli bir ak\u00e7e de\u011fildir. Moskova\u2019dan kopma s\u00fcrecinde yeni kurban \u201cKooperatif Ticaret Bankas\u0131 \u2013 BTK\u201d oldu. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n paralar\u0131 do\u011frudan \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131. Savc\u0131l\u0131k olay\u0131 futbol kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 seyreder gibi izliyor. \u00a0Dalaverecilerin \u00e7emberi s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nca adalet, e\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131nda reform bekleyenler de hayal ediyor. Moskova\u2019dan kopma s\u00fcrecinin bir do\u011fal sonucu olarak bizim de daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i, yani s\u00f6ze, g\u00f6ze, bo\u015f lafa ve \u00f6l\u00fc vaatlere dayanmayan ya da hayalimizdeki \u00f6zlemi ger\u00e7ek san\u0131p devaml\u0131 aldanmayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir yeni ortam yaratmam\u0131z zorunlu olmu\u015ftur. Yeni y\u00f6nelimin temelinde d\u0131\u015ftan gelen kontrols\u00fcz paralarla yarat\u0131lan talihli zenginden farkl\u0131 olarak \u00f6z \u00fcretimimizden kaynaklanan bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeye ve peki\u015fmeye gitmemiz zorunlu olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Devam edecek.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-202409595\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Musa VATANSEVER \u00a0 Bu bir armudun dal\u0131ndan kopup yere d\u00fc\u015fmesinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ve zor bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Bulgarlar\u0131n Rusya\u2019ya s\u0131ms\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011flanma s\u00fcreci ulusal kimliklerinin ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14467","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-3Ll","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14467","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14467"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14467\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14467"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14467"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14467"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}