{"id":14030,"date":"2015-03-06T23:26:49","date_gmt":"2015-03-06T21:26:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=14030"},"modified":"2015-03-06T23:26:49","modified_gmt":"2015-03-06T21:26:49","slug":"gambit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/gambit\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201dGambit\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>BGSAM<\/b><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Okulda ders d\u0131\u015f\u0131 satran\u00e7 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. \u201cGam bit\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7medi. Piyonun iki hamle birden s\u00fcr\u00fclmesiymi\u015f, sonradan \u00f6\u011frendim.<\/p>\n<p>2005\u2019te Bulgaristan\u2019da Rus rejis\u00f6r Nikita Mihalkov y\u00f6netiminde \u00e7ekilen bir film afi\u015finde ilk kez \u00f6n\u00fcme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Filmin konusu 1877\u201378 Rus-T\u00fcrk Sava\u015f\u0131yd\u0131.\u00a0 Bu sava\u015f\u0131n noktaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn &#8211; 3 Mart 1878 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Bulgaristan\u2019da milli bayram olarak kutlan\u0131yor. Kurtulu\u015f sevincini unutturmamak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131nan davullar, folklor gruplar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131v\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 horonlar ve \u201c<strong>Kurtar\u0131c\u0131 Rusya ve D\u00fc\u015fman T\u00fcrkler<\/strong>\u201d havas\u0131nda medya toz duman\u0131 birbirine katarken yap\u0131lan kutlama konu\u015fmalar\u0131 da \u201c500 y\u0131l Osmanl\u0131\u2026\u201d t\u00fcneline girince milliyet\u00e7ilik ile \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7izgisinde hala t\u00f6kezliyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bu seneki kutlamalarda bu filmden hi\u00e7 s\u00f6z edilmedi. Nedenine gelince, beyaz perde sahnelerinin birinde bir Bulgar k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fc elinde silah, kemerinde k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ilerleyen Rus askerlerinden birine,<\/p><div id=\"bghab-818651626\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201c<strong>O\u011fulum buralara neden geldiniz? Bizi kurtarmaya m\u0131<\/strong>?\u201d diye sorunca \u015fu cevab\u0131 al\u0131r:<\/li>\n<li>\u201c<strong>Hay\u0131r, biz sisi kurtarmaya gelmedik. Yolumuz s\u0131cak denizleredir<\/strong>!\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kalemi iz b\u0131rakan tarih\u00e7ilerin eserleri \u201c<strong>Rusya\u2019n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru alg\u0131lamak isteyenler 200 y\u0131l geriye bakmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>\u201d der. Durup da geriye bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z y\u0131l 1878 olsa, y\u00fcz y\u0131l gerisi 1774\u2019e, 200 y\u0131l gerisi de yakla\u015f\u0131k 1683\u2019e isabet ediyor.<\/p>\n<p>Eyl\u00fcl 1683 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Viyana ku\u015fatmas\u0131ndan s\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp gerileme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve Osmanl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llarca keskinle\u015fecek hor g\u00f6rme XVII y\u00fczy\u0131l Avrupa\u2019s\u0131na ustal\u0131kla mayalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k mayas\u0131n\u0131n kabarmas\u0131 Rusya \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan devaml\u0131 finanse edilmi\u015f ve desteklenmi\u015ftir. Mihalkov\u2019un 1878 olaylar\u0131ndan 127 y\u0131l sonra \u00e7ekti filmini. Yukar\u0131daki replik Rus \u00c7ar\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na bas\u0131p ge\u00e7erken kendi stratejik hedeflerini yani s\u0131cak denizlere \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in sald\u0131r\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlar.\u00a0 Rus askeri atlar\u0131n\u0131 Tuna\u2019da sulamazdan \u00f6nceki 200 y\u0131l boyunca Osmanl\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6zden ve zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcp mezar\u0131n\u0131 kazmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Bulgar halk\u0131n\u0131n sefalet i\u00e7inde \u201c<strong>eziyet \u00e7ekti\u011fi<\/strong>\u201d efsaneleriyle Avrupa kamuoyu ma\u011fdura el uzatma sevapt\u0131r ninnisine al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u015fan \u015f\u00f6hret a\u011f\u0131c\u0131ndan meyve tatm\u0131\u015f Bat\u0131l\u0131 yazarlar \u201c<strong>barut f\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na yakla\u015fan ate\u015f s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcls\u00fcn<\/strong>\u201d deyemeyecek kadar aforoz edilebildi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ba\u015fka bir de\u011fi\u015fle 2 as\u0131r boyunca\u00a0 \u201c<strong>Bo\u011fazda Hasta Adam<\/strong>\u201d yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu entrika \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcnde yolun ilk yar\u0131s\u0131 10 Temmuz 1774\u2019te Silistreye ba\u011fl\u0131 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kaynarca k\u00f6y\u00fcnde Osmanl\u0131 ile Rusya \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 1768\u201374 sava\u015f\u0131na nokta koyan anla\u015fman\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131 olur. Tarih b\u00fcy\u00fctecindeki bu sald\u0131r\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131nda Rusya \u00c7arlar\u0131 kartal t\u0131rnaklar\u0131n\u0131 bat\u0131rmaya ba\u015flar. Kara Denize iner. Balkanlar\u2019da ve \u00f6zellikle Bulgaristan\u2019da n\u00fcfus kazan\u0131r. H\u0131ristiyan haklar\u0131 savunucusu kesilir. \u201c<strong>Sizi kurtaraca\u011f\u0131m<\/strong>\u201d f\u0131s\u0131lt\u0131lar\u0131 salar. Denetleyici haklar talep eder. 1839 G\u00fclhane Hatt\u0131 h\u00fcmayunu (Tanzimat ferman\u0131) d\u0131\u015f zorlamalar\u0131n sonucudur. Az\u0131nl\u0131klara ana dillerinde e\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklar\u0131 tan\u0131nmas\u0131na do\u011fru reformlar yap\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fcndem olur.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-911574444\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cGambit\u201d filmi \u201c<strong>Rusya en b\u00fcy\u00fck kurtar\u0131c\u0131<\/strong>\u201d ve Bulgarlar\u0131n her biri \u201c<strong>Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131na<\/strong> <strong>kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/strong>\u201d bir kahraman r\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131n esmeye devam etti\u011fi ortama ters d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc tarihi yeniden okumak ve de\u011fi\u015fik bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla de\u011ferlendirmek isteyenler hen\u00fcz tek t\u00fckt\u00fcler. Herkese a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f olan Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n bir zul\u00fcm toplumu oldu\u011fu sav\u0131 ruhlardan \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kimse ba\u015fka bir \u015fey i\u015fitmek istemiyordu. Bu y\u00fczden Nikita Mikalkov d\u00e2hilli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131n sevilmedi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o ger\u00e7ekler bildi\u011finizden farkl\u0131 demek isterken, bu konuda de\u011fi\u015fmek isteyen yoktu ve paslanm\u0131\u015f bir tarihi kutsalla\u015ft\u0131ranlar rahatt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><div id=\"bghab-4050555171\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Rus halk\u0131n\u0131n Bulgar halk\u0131na olan karde\u015f\u00e7e ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u201c<strong>kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k beklemeyen bir duygu ve a\u011fabeylik oldu\u011fu<\/strong>\u201d bizde her ki\u015finin beynine monte edilmi\u015f bir \u00e7ipti ve bu ortamda \u201c<strong>\u015f\u00fcphesiz ve kutsal bilinene ku\u015fku yakla\u015fmak<\/strong>\u201d sanki zehirli bir damla idi ve film pek s\u0131cak kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131 ve fazla g\u00f6sterilmedi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Yine XXI. ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda bizde F. M. Dostoevski\u2019nin (1821\u20131881) \u201cAn\u0131lar\u201d eseri Bulgarca \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. O, \u201c<strong>Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6k\u00e7esi alt\u0131nda<\/strong> <strong>ezilen Bulgar karde\u015flerimizi kurtarmaya gitmeliyiz<\/strong>\u201d \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fckselten ve yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131larla davul \u00e7al\u0131p 1877\u201378 Rus-Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131na bozk\u0131rlarda g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc toplayan bir \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131rtkan gibi hareket etmi\u015fti. Ne var ki, sava\u015ftan sonra kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserinde o oluk dolusu kan akan \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma meydanlar\u0131ndan sa\u011f salim d\u00f6nen Rus asker ve subaylardan Moskova Askeri Kul\u00fcplerinde i\u015fitti\u011fi an\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u00f6yk\u00fcleri canland\u0131rd\u0131. Asker \u00fcniformas\u0131 giyip \u00e7ileleri \u00e7ekilmez olan, Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n inim inim inletti\u011fi\u00a0 Bulgar karde\u015flerini kurtarmak i\u00e7in yollara d\u00fc\u015fen Rus toprak k\u00f6lesi \u2013 \u201c<strong>mujik<\/strong>\u201d gen\u00e7lerin\u201d <strong>Bulgaristan\u2019da evi bark\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131 bah\u00e7esi, koyun ke\u00e7isi,, ine\u011fi at\u0131 olan, kendi topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fleyen kendi halinde huzurlu ya\u015fayan Bulgar k\u00f6yl\u00fclerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6nceden anlat\u0131lanlar\u0131n y\u00fczle\u015ftikleri duruma uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/strong>\u201d anlatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131. Bu ger\u00e7eklerden kaynaklanan ve sava\u015f a\u00e7\u0131p ilk t\u00fcfe\u011fi patlatan\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret eden Dostoevski\u2019yi okumak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir mutluluktur.\u00a0 \u201c<strong>Bulgar halk\u0131na yard\u0131ma ko\u015fan Rus toprak k\u00f6lelerinin o zamanlar Bulgar k\u00f6yl\u00fclerine k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok sefil olduklar\u0131n\u0131, hi\u00e7bir haklar\u0131 ve ki\u015fisel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yani bir toprak k\u00f6lesinin bir serbest k\u00f6yl\u00fcy\u00fc (Bulgar k\u00f6yl\u00fclerini) kurtarmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olamayaca\u011f\u0131 <\/strong>sonucuna vard\u0131. Tarihi \u00e7arp\u0131tanlar\u0131 idam edecek olan hayat\u0131n kendisidir. \u00a0\u00a0\u201cGambit\u201d filmi bir yere kadar tablonun bu k\u0131sm\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle bir sosyal ve politik ortamda ve yeni bir d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne do\u011fru de\u011fi\u015febilirim havalar\u0131na giren Bulgar kamuoyunda yine 2005\u2019te<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<strong>Diyakoz Levski<\/strong>\u201d<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1816436674\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>filmi \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu film Bulgar halk\u0131n\u0131n XIX. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ok zor ko\u015fullarda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ulusal kurtulu\u015fun ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011funu papaz yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Levski\u2019nin simas\u0131nda g\u00f6stermeyi hedeflemi\u015fti. Ne yaz\u0131k kik, 10 y\u0131l \u00f6nce bu filmin \u00e7ekimi i\u00e7in para veren olmad\u0131. Abu Dabi\u2019de cilt doktoru olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Bulgar Bayan Zlatina Filipova bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ki\u015fisel tasarruflar\u0131ndan, di\u011ferini de kredi \u00e7ekerek sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1.5 milyon levay\u0131 \u00f6denmeden film \u00e7ekimi yap\u0131lamad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vasil Levski<\/strong> Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, Koca Balkan ile Orta Balkan aras\u0131na serilmi\u015f bolluklar cenneti Karl\u0131 ova \u015fehrinde do\u011fmu\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f bir Bulgar gencidir. Kilisede diyakoz, sonra da \u00f6\u011fretmen olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra, 1861\u2019de Belgrat\u2019ta kurulan Birinci Bulgar Lejyonunda e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 Bu lejyonu toplayan Bulgar devrim hareketinin birinci ideolo\u011fu, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc ve y\u00f6neticisi Georgi Sava Rakovski\u2019nin (1821- 67) V. Levki \u00fczerindeki etkisi b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.\u00a0 1837 \u2013 1873 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ve komitac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flerinde etkin olan V. Levski Karl\u0131ova T\u00fcrk ve Bulgar esnaf\u0131n\u0131n ve halk\u0131n\u0131n huzurlu kom\u015fular olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 y\u0131llarda yeti\u015fmi\u015f ve bi\u00e7imlenmi\u015ftir. Hem\u015fehrisi olan \u0130van Andreev Bogorov (1818\u201392) \u0130stanbul Gazetesi (Tsarigratsk\u0131 Vestnik) adl\u0131 ilk Bulgarca gazeteyi basand\u0131r. O, Bulgarca grameri ve Frans\u0131zca Bulgarca l\u00fcgat \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Uyan\u0131\u015f \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrklerle s\u0131k\u0131 yard\u0131mla\u015fma ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 Levski\u2019yi \u00e7ok etkilemi\u015ftir. Bulgarlarla birlikte T\u00fcrkler de ayd\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda o Bulgaristan Kurtulu\u015f Hareketi Merkez Komitesini kurup y\u00f6netirken Bulgaristan&#8217;\u0131n devlet d\u00fczeni ve n\u00fcfusun ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok yaz\u0131 kaleme ald\u0131 ve bunlarda T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusa \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinir. Levki\u2019nin T\u00fcrk ahaliye olan bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 unutulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki, 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda Karlovo kasabas\u0131nda Levski M\u00fcze Evi kurulmas\u0131 karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ilk ba\u015fta bulunan T\u00fcrk hem\u015fehrileri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Komitac\u0131lardan Panayot Hitov\u2019la yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sohbetlerde V. Levski, Osmanl\u0131 boyunduru\u011fundan ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra h\u00fcr Bulgaristan\u2019da Bulgar, T\u00fcrk, Ermeni, Yahudi, Pomak, \u00c7ingene ve t\u00fcm di\u011fer etnik az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n hak e\u015fitli\u011fi esas\u0131nda karde\u015f\u00e7e beraberce ayn\u0131 vatanda ya\u015fayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve herkesin t\u00fcm insan hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle tan\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurmu\u015ftur. O d\u00f6nemde ve \u00f6zellikle de Rus\u00e7uk Valisi Mithat Pa\u015fan\u0131n tar\u0131mda, mali i\u015flerde, e\u011fitimde ve idari i\u015flerde seri reformlar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131n\u0131rsa Bulgaristan\u2019da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrklerin ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun da feodalizmden uyand\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve modern d\u00fcnyaya bakan de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kucaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Levski\u2019nin Karl\u0131ova T\u00fcrkleri aras\u0131nda dostlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 askerlerinin\u00a0arama ve kovu\u015fturmalar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda yerli T\u00fcrklerin onu gizlendi\u011fi bilinir. Hem\u015fehrileri Levski\u2019ye \u00a0\u201ctavuk\u00e7u mom\u00e7e\u201d lakab\u0131n\u0131 takm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Komitac\u0131l\u0131k y\u0131llar\u0131nda anas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcp hal hat\u0131r olmak i\u00e7in baba evine u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk mahallesinden \u201c<strong>Arapl\u0131 K\u00f6pr\u00fcden<\/strong>\u201d gelip ge\u00e7er. Gece vakti Balkan yoluna do\u011frulurken T\u00fcrk evleri aras\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er ve \u00e7ok g\u00fcvendi\u011fi hanelerin k\u00fcmeslerine uzan\u0131p torbas\u0131na pili\u00e7 ve yumurta atar ama konu kom\u015fular\u0131n bunu konu etmedi\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Levski\u2019nin ye\u015fil ipek \u00fczerine nak\u0131\u015f edilmi\u015f alt\u0131n sar\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131rmal\u0131 aslanl\u0131 ve p\u00fcsk\u00fcll\u00fc komita bayra\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk Mahallesi kenar\u0131nda, \u201cStryama\u201d \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 boyundaki iki katl\u0131 evde, Mara Teyze isminde bir Bulgar Bayan taraf\u0131ndan nak\u0131\u015f edilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u015ferefli i\u015fini karl\u0131 k\u0131\u015f gecelerinde yapan Mara Teyze tam aslan\u0131n yelesini \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken s\u0131rmas\u0131 biter. E\u015fine<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cGit Filibe\u2019den (Plovdiv) s\u0131rma getir\u201d dese de, derin karda olacak i\u015f de\u011fil.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kap\u0131 kom\u015fusu Hanife teyzenin u\u011fra\u015f\u0131s\u0131 Hac\u0131 B\u00fcrg\u00fcleri nak\u0131\u015flamakt\u0131r. Mara Teyze kom\u015fusundan birka\u00e7 \u00e7ile \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 al\u0131r ve Levski\u2019nin devrim bayra\u011f\u0131nda iki ayak \u00fczerine dikilmi\u015f aslan\u0131n savrulmu\u015f yelesini tamamlar. \u00d6yle ki, bu a\u015fta bizim de tuzumuz vard\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-978006748\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>O y\u0131llar, ba\u011f bozumunda, kiraz toplarken, g\u00fcl, lavanta ve \u0131hlamur i\u015flerinde menfaat g\u00f6zetmeden yard\u0131mla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llard\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131ma Levski\u2019nin Osmanl\u0131 feodalizmi yerine demokratik d\u00fczen ve Cumhuriyet kurma emellerine yerli T\u00fcrkler anlay\u0131\u015fla ve \u00f6vg\u00fcyle bakar. Bu y\u00fczden olacak ki, Bulgar demokratik devrim komitac\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan ele verilene rastlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta Hristo Botev \u00e7etesinin a\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Kemali (\u0130sperih) bir T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Uzatmayal\u0131m, 2005\u2019te Pet\u0131r D\u0131nov y\u00f6netiminde \u201c<strong>Diyakoz Levski<\/strong>\u201d filmi \u00e7ekimine ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fitti\u011fimizde, <strong>BULGAR T\u00dcRK \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130N\u0130N YEN\u0130DEN VE YEN\u0130 B\u0130R A\u00c7IDAN HARMANLANMASINI beklemeye ba\u015flad\u0131k.<\/strong> <strong>Ba\u015fka bir de\u011fi\u015fle cesur, bilgili, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz yarg\u0131 de\u011ferleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131daki ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc T\u00fcrk Bulgar ili\u015fkilerinin nesnel \u00f6yk\u00fclenmesini hayal ettik.<\/strong> Bununla birlikte milli bayram g\u00fcnlerinde ve \u00f6\u011frencilerin ders kitaplar\u0131nda her biri \u00f6tekinin ayn\u0131 simalar olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan halk kahramanlar\u0131na yeni bir ret \u00fc\u015f, farkl\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn gerekleri aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bu defa da bekledi\u011fimiz olmad\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za ne T\u00fcrk\u00fcn ne de Bulgar\u0131n tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da hayal etti\u011fi a\u011fz\u0131 k\u00fcf\u00fcr dolu, g\u00f6zleri \u00f6fkeden k\u0131zarm\u0131\u015f, elindeki k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 savurduk\u00e7a etrafa kanlar sa\u00e7\u0131lan, ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015fl\u0131 sahnelerinin XXI. y\u00fczy\u0131l insan\u0131na ne \u00f6\u011fretmek istedi\u011fi belli olmayan sorular \u015f\u0131p diye sivrildi. \u0130lk g\u00fcnlerde biletleri belediyeler ve muhtarl\u0131klar \u00f6dedi ve 35 y\u0131l \u00f6nce oldu\u011fu gibi neredeyse s\u0131ra olmu\u015f bir halde insanlar sinemaya gittiler.<\/p>\n<p>Bizim beklentilerimizin ba\u015f\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Bulgaristan&#8217;\u0131n sorunlar\u0131na anahtar olacak, <strong>YURTSEVERL\u0130\u011e\u0130N GEL\u0130\u015eMES\u0130 MUTLAKA VE ZORUNLU OLARAK \u00d6TEK\u0130LE\u015eT\u0130RME DO\u011eURMAMALIDIR,<\/strong> ger\u00e7e\u011fini Levski\u2019nin a\u011fz\u0131ndan i\u015fitmek istemi\u015ftik.\u00a0 \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u201cpatriyot\u201d (yurtsever) olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in milliyet\u00e7ilikten \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa serbest\u00e7e ge\u00e7meyi kendilerine hak bilenlere Levski\u2019nin ideoloji ve prati\u011fi ile yan\u0131t verilmesi iyi olacakt\u0131. Belki bir\u00e7oklar\u0131n\u0131 susturabilirdi.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1000166663\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Levski\u2019nin Hac\u0131 Pen\u00e7ovi\u00e7 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki Sofya Mahkemesinde \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131 kesildi\u011fi do\u011frudur. Fakat o cezay\u0131 i\u015fitti\u011fi g\u00fcn hapishane zindan\u0131na indirildi\u011finde ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 duvar ta\u015flar\u0131na vurarak kendine k\u0131ym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunu belgeleyen o y\u0131llar\u0131n en ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i tarih\u00e7isi Zahari Stoyanov\u2019tur. \u0130dam cezas\u0131 Ha\u015fmetli (Sultan Abd\u00fclhamit)\u00a0 taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dczerinde Sultan turas\u0131 olmayan bir idam ferman\u0131 yerine getirilemez. Bir de Osmanl\u0131 gelene\u011finde can\u0131na k\u0131yan bir adam\u0131n, kim olursa olsun dara\u011fac\u0131na as\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bir olaya\u00a0 rastlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda her idaml\u0131 ya da son s\u00f6z hakk\u0131 verilir ki, Vasil Levski intihar etti\u011fi i\u00e7in bu hakk\u0131 kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belgelenmemi\u015f-tir, yani as\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bulgaristan tarihi i\u00e7in Levski konusu \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r bir konudur. Bu i\u015fin en zor taraf\u0131 ise, t\u00fcm hayat \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131larak bir kahraman simgesi yaratman\u0131n biraz da tehlikeli oldu\u011fundan kaynaklan\u0131r. Eminim Bulgar halk\u0131 bug\u00fcn hayat\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011finden s\u00fcz\u00fclerek \u00e7\u0131kmayan bir Levski\u2019ye gerek duymuyor, bunu do\u011frulayan en b\u00fcy\u00fck delil, ise sinema salonlar\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015f kalmas\u0131 ve kimsenin i\u00e7indeki Levski\u2019yi sanal d\u00fcnyadan gelen yenisiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirmek istememesidir.\u00a0 Papaz yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Levski filminde bir \u00f6\u011fretmen,<strong> Osmanl\u0131 zaman\u0131nda Bulgaristan k\u00f6y ve kasabalar\u0131nda 200 Bulgar okulu oldu\u011funu, 1835 y\u0131l\u0131nda Gabrovo \u015fehrinde Lise a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131yor.<\/strong> XVIII ve XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Bulgar n\u00fcfus Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011finde Uyan\u0131\u015f \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 ya\u015farken Rila Manast\u0131r\u0131 kurulup hizmete a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcm bunlar dikkate al\u0131nmadan Levski\u2019nin yaln\u0131z T\u00fcrklere ve Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fahlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 olan \u00e7izgilerini \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karmakla yap\u0131lan bir filmin halk taraf\u0131ndan kucaklanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beklemek do\u011fal say\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle \u201c<strong>Gan bit<\/strong>\u201d filmi ile Osmanl\u0131da Bulgar n\u00fcfusun ger\u00e7ek hayat\u0131n\u0131, bir hane de olsa, g\u00f6rmezlikten gelerek ve \u201c<strong>Diyakoz Levski<\/strong>\u201d filminde de yapay bir sima yarat\u0131larak XXI y\u00fczy\u0131l sorunlar\u0131na de\u011finmeden halka inmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bulgar halk\u0131n\u0131n yeni zamanlarda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ak\u0131n edi\u015fi, unutamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlar\u0131, ili\u015fkileri ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131 ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcy\u00fc turist olarak aramas\u0131, tarihi yeniden s\u00fczecek bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 mutlaka hayata \u00e7a\u011f\u0131racakt\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek hayatta <strong>\u201cgam bit\u201d<\/strong> yoktur, her ta\u015f yerini bulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2700678424\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-35-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Tarih d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tarih yarat\u0131lamaz. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015f bir tarihin unutulmamas\u0131 da istenemez.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-3366337636\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BGSAM &nbsp; Okulda ders d\u0131\u015f\u0131 satran\u00e7 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. \u201cGam bit\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7medi. Piyonun iki hamle birden s\u00fcr\u00fclmesiymi\u015f, sonradan \u00f6\u011frendim. 2005\u2019te Bulgaristan\u2019da Rus rejis\u00f6r Nikita Mihalkov y\u00f6netiminde<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":6093,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14030","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/1-logo-yk.jpg?fit=552%2C531&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/sc2PfJ-gambit","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14030","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14030"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14030\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14030"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14030"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14030"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}