{"id":13293,"date":"2015-01-21T22:56:52","date_gmt":"2015-01-21T20:56:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=13293"},"modified":"2015-01-21T22:56:52","modified_gmt":"2015-01-21T20:56:52","slug":"kaya-gazi-shale-gas-umudu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/kaya-gazi-shale-gas-umudu\/","title":{"rendered":"Kaya Gaz\u0131 (Shale Gas) umudu"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/iblog.milliyet.com.tr\/imgroot\/blogv7\/Blog333\/2013\/01\/31\/08\/400128-3-4-8733f.jpg?resize=333%2C240\" alt=\"Kaya Gaz\u0131 (Shale Gas) umudu\" width=\"333\" height=\"240\" \/><\/h1>\n<div class=\"details\">\n<div class=\"makaleImg\">\n<div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"BlogDetail\">\n<p>\u201cShale gas\u201d kavram\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de \u201c\u015feyl gaz\u201d ya da \u201c<a class=\"Blogkeyword\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.milliyet.com.tr\/AramaBlog\/?search=kaya%20gaz%C4%B1\" rel=\"external nofollow\">kaya gaz\u0131<\/a>\u201d \u015feklinde \u00e7evrilmektedir. \u201cOrganik madde y\u00f6n\u00fcnden zengin tortulu kayalar\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen bu kavram, <a class=\"Blogkeyword\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.milliyet.com.tr\/AramaBlog\/?search=enerji\" rel=\"external nofollow\">enerji<\/a>nin \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde yeni bir kaynak olarak tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. \u015eeyl konusunda TPAO Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yle bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131yor: Kayada petrol t\u00fcredi\u011fi zaman (milyonlarca y\u0131l\u0131 al\u0131yor), onun y\u00fczde 10 kadarl\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131 ana kayadan at\u0131l\u0131yor ve yeralt\u0131nda emiliyor. Emildi\u011fi yerin \u00fcst\u00fcnde ge\u00e7irimsiz bir madde varsa, bu petrol ve do\u011fal gaz yeralt\u0131ndaki s\u00fcngerimsi yap\u0131larda toplan\u0131yor. Bizim \u015fu anda elde etti\u011fimiz petrol ve do\u011fal gaz bu y\u00fczde 10&#8217;luk k\u0131s\u0131m. Geri kalan y\u00fczde 90 ise o ana kayan\u0131n i\u00e7inde kal\u0131yor ve at\u0131lam\u0131yor.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>ABD Enerji Enformasyon \u0130daresi\u2019nin(U.S. Energy Information Administration) verilerine g\u00f6re, \u00fcretilebilir teknik kaya gaz\u0131 miktarlar\u0131 trilyon k\u00fcbik feet cinsinden(1 k\u00fcbik feet= 0.028317 m<sup>3<\/sup>) Fransa 180, Polonya 187, Amerika 862, Kanada 388, Meksika 681, \u00c7in 1275, G\u00fcney Afrika 485, Brezilya 226, \u0130ngiltere 20, T\u00fcrkiye 15 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi ki teknoloji sayesinde bu kaya boyunca yatay olarak sondaj yap\u0131l\u0131yor ve kaya \u00e7atlat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kayan\u0131n i\u00e7indeki gaza eri\u015febiliyoruz. ABD, Kanada, \u00c7in vb. \u00fclkeler bu alana do\u011fru y\u00f6neldi. \u00d6zellikle 2000\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren bu alana da y\u00f6nelen ABD\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7lar hayli ilgin\u00e7. Yak\u0131n zamanda ABD Enerji Enformasyon \u0130daresi\u2019nden(U.S. Energy Information Administration) yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada ABD\u2019nin 2014\u2019te petrol ithalat\u0131n\u0131n son 25 y\u0131l\u0131n en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyesine gelece\u011fi yolunda bir \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc var. Ve 2035 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplam i\u00e7 \u00fcretimin %45\u2019sini olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>ABD\u2019deki Kaya Gaz\u0131 (Shale Gas) gibi konvansiyonel olmayan t\u00fcrdeki gaz \u00fcretiminde yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler ve s\u00fcrpriz bir \u015fekilde bu \u00fclkenin LNG ithalat\u0131na neredeyse ihtiya\u00e7 duymayan bir konuma gelmesi, bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Katar gibi baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde LNG arz\u0131 fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131, bu d\u00f6neme denk gelen k\u00fcresel ekonomik kriz, petrol ?yatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler, d\u00fcnya genelinde spot LNG ?yatlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015flere yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7in\u2019de bu alanda geri kalmamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor zira hedeflerinin kaya gaz\u0131 \u00fczerine de otutturan \u00c7in, \u015firketlerinden Cnooc, bu konuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Kanada \u015firketi Nexen\u2019i 15 milyar dolara sat\u0131n ald\u0131.<sup>3 <\/sup>\u00c7in Toprak ve Do\u011fal Kaynaklar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, Stratejik Petrol ve Do\u011falgaz Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi ba\u015fkan\u0131 Zhang Dawei \u201cBe\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde rezervlerde \u00f6nemli bulu\u015flara ula\u015fmay\u0131 hedefliyoruz. Sekiz y\u0131l i\u00e7inde de \u015fist do\u011falgaz\u0131 \u00c7in&#8217;in enerji \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finde \u00f6nemli bir yere gelmi\u015f olacak\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klama yapt\u0131.<sup>4<\/sup><\/p><div id=\"bghab-3827681159\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ukrayna ile Shell firmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda Davos toplant\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda 10 milyar dolarl\u0131k kaya gaz\u0131 antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Avrupa ise kaya gaz\u0131 konusuna \u00e7evresel etkenler nedeniyle mesafeli duruyor. Ba\u015fta Polonya olmak \u00fczere Almanya, \u0130spanya,\u00a0 Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019de ciddi rezerv olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00e7evresel endi\u015feler oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fu an durdurulmu\u015f ve baz\u0131 yerlerde yasaklanm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Enerji maliyetleri giderek artan Avrupa bu duruma ne kadar dayanabilir tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir konudur. Ancak her hal\u00fckarda AB co\u011frafyas\u0131nda kaya gaz\u0131 \u00fcretiminin 2020 y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyece\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Kaya gaz\u0131, do\u011falgaz fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi konusunda da ciddi belirleyici rol \u00fcstlenebilir. Bu durumda Rusya bu konudan ciddi oranda etkilenecektir. Enerji \u00fcst\u00fcne kurulan dengelerin de\u011fi\u015fmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar<\/span><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131(TPAO) taraf\u0131ndan ilk defa ge\u00e7en y\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131lan Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Silvan il\u00e7esindeki Sar\u0131bu\u011fday kuyusu bu ama\u00e7la a\u00e7\u0131lan ilk kuyu ve 3 bin metre derinli\u011fe inildi. Bu kuyunun parametre sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ticari s\u0131r olarak gizli tutulacak ve sonu\u00e7lara g\u00f6re Shell firmas\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131lacak ara\u015ft\u0131rma kuyular\u0131 tespit edilip, \u00fcretime ba\u015flanacak.<sup>5<\/sup> Bu 2014 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 bulabilir. Shell ile yap\u0131lan antla\u015fmada yap\u0131lacak sondaj\u0131n masraf\u0131n\u0131 Shell \u00f6deyecek ve \u00e7\u0131kacak rezervin %70\u2019i TPAO\u2019ya ait olacak. TransAtlantic ve Valeura adl\u0131 \u015firketler, &#8220;Trakya ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu&#8217;da &#8216;d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda kayda de\u011fer&#8217; rezervler oldu\u011fu&#8221; g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde. TPAO, ExxonMobil&#8217;le i\u015fbirli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<sup>6<\/sup> Ve bir di\u011fer geli\u015fme, Tekirda\u011f \u0130\u011fneada&#8217;da 5 bin metrelik sondaj \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1623953532\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki kaya gaz\u0131 miktar\u0131 ne kadar sorusuna \u015fu anda net bir rakam hatta yakla\u015f\u0131k rakam vermek bile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu konuda yeterli ara\u015ft\u0131rma hen\u00fcz yap\u0131lmad\u0131. Yani duydu\u011funuz rakamlara pek inanmay\u0131n. Tahimden \u00f6te de\u011fildir. T\u00fcrkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (TPAO), T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de Diyarbak\u0131r, Erzurum ve Trakya&#8217;daki \u00fc\u00e7 alanda kaya gaz\u0131-petrol baseni oldu\u011funu belirledi. TPAO, bu b\u00f6lgelerde 20 trilyon metrek\u00fcp do\u011falgaz ve 500 milyar varil petrol rezervi ta\u015f\u0131yabilecek kaya yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n olabilece\u011fini belirledi. Enerji ithalat\u0131 2012 i\u00e7in 60.1 milyar dolar olan T\u00fcrkiye bu konuda \u00e7evreci yakla\u015f\u0131mla, bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla ciddi rol kaydedebilir.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00c7evre Sorunlar\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7evre sorunlar\u0131na ve depremlere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Fransa, Bulgaristan ve \u00c7ek Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde kaya gaz\u0131 sondaj \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yasakland\u0131. \u0130ngiltere, \u0130spanya ve G\u00fcney Afrika da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 durdurdu.<sup>7<\/sup> K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 2 derecenin alt\u0131nda tutabilmek i\u00e7in t\u00fcm D\u00fcnya\u2019da ba\u015flayan yenilenebilir enerji furyas\u0131, bu geli\u015fmeler nedeniyle az da olsa sekteye u\u011frayabilir. Kaya gaz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131 hidrolik k\u0131r\u0131lma ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in baz\u0131 sorunlara yol a\u00e7abilir. Hidrolik k\u0131r\u0131lmadan dolay\u0131 deprem riski, yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131na toksik kimyasallar\u0131n ve metan\u0131n kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 havaya da metan\u0131n kar\u0131\u015fma riskleri var.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bghab-1428498151\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cShale gas\u201d kavram\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de \u201c\u015feyl gaz\u201d ya da \u201ckaya gaz\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde \u00e7evrilmektedir. \u201cOrganik madde y\u00f6n\u00fcnden zengin tortulu kayalar\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen bu kavram, enerjinin \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":13294,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/400128-3-4-8733f.jpg?fit=333%2C240&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-3sp","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13293"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13293\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}