{"id":12883,"date":"2015-01-04T14:24:08","date_gmt":"2015-01-04T12:24:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=12883"},"modified":"2015-01-04T14:26:02","modified_gmt":"2015-01-04T12:26:02","slug":"biranin-gizemli-dunyasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/biranin-gizemli-dunyasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Biran\u0131n gizemli d\u00fcnyas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"story-body__introduction\"><a id=\"imgBigPictureLink\" href=\"http:\/\/aktuel.mynet.com\/galeri\/magazin\/dunyadan\/cilgin-bira-festivali-basladi-bira-ve-gogus-festivali\/6527\/168776\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"imgBigPicture\" class=\"photo\" title=\"Bira Ve G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs Festivali\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/g.mynet.com\/i\/148\/168777-almanya-bira-festivali--1.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"Bira Ve G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs Festivali\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body__introduction\">Baz\u0131lar\u0131 bira yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sanat olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr; fakat geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 \u00fcretim s\u00f6z konusuysa orada bilim devreye girer.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130ster hevesli bir amat\u00f6r, ister \u00fcnl\u00fc bir bira \u00fcreticisi olsun as\u0131l olan \u015fey \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bilimsel analizini yapmak ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen kimyasal tepkimeleri anlamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bira yap\u0131m\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck uluslararas\u0131 bira markalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha fazla ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere, biraya her yerde ve her zaman ayn\u0131 tad\u0131 vermek b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bunu sa\u011flamak da bira mayas\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 \u00f6zellikte olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Maya \u00f6rne\u011fi dondurulup saklan\u0131r ve birka\u00e7 ayda bir \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131larak yeniden kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"story-body__crosshead\">\u2018Siyah bira\u2019<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"media-landscape body-width no-caption\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"js-image-replace\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/ws\/625\/amz\/worldservice\/live\/assets\/images\/2015\/01\/02\/150102161622_guinness_464x261_bbc_nocredit.jpg?resize=464%2C261\" alt=\"\" width=\"464\" height=\"261\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin \u2018siyah bira\u2019 olarak da bilinen Guinness, bira mayas\u0131n\u0131 gizli bir b\u00f6lgede, s\u0131v\u0131 nitrojen buhar\u0131nda saklamaktad\u0131r. \u00dcretiminde kullan\u0131lan suyun kalsiyum miktar\u0131 dikkatle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr; zira kalsiyumun biraz az ya da fazla olmas\u0131, malttaki ni\u015fastay\u0131 \u015fekere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren enzimleri engelleyebilir. Malt, suda k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli\u011fine \u00e7imlenmeye b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve s\u0131cak hava \u00fcflenerek \u00e7imlenme s\u00fcreci belli bir a\u015famada durdurulmu\u015f tah\u0131l tanesidir. Malt\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi \u015feker, dam\u0131tma s\u0131ras\u0131nda maya yoluyla alkole d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Guinness\u2019i karakterize eden \u015fey biraya kremams\u0131 bir hava veren beyaz k\u00f6p\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Birahanelerde barda\u011fa doldurma s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 musluklarla olu\u015fturulan nitrojen kabarc\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r bunlar. Nas\u0131l ki maden suyu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u00e7inden karbondioksit baloncuklar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorsa bira i\u00e7ine pompalanan nitrojen de biradan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-891248308\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"story-body__crosshead\">K\u00f6p\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00f6nemi<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"media-landscape body-width no-caption\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"js-image-replace\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/ws\/625\/amz\/worldservice\/live\/assets\/images\/2015\/01\/02\/150102161659_beer_glass_464x261_bbc_nocredit.jpg?resize=464%2C261\" alt=\"\" width=\"464\" height=\"261\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>Kutuda sat\u0131lan Guinness\u2019te ise bu k\u00f6p\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in ak\u0131ll\u0131 bir mekanizmaya ba\u015fvurulur. Kutuda i\u00e7i bira dolu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir metal bilye vard\u0131r. Kutu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olu\u015fan bas\u0131n\u00e7 bilyede minik bir delik a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na ve i\u00e7indeki biran\u0131n buradan bo\u015fal\u0131rken nitrojen baloncuklar\u0131 olu\u015fmas\u0131na, b\u00f6ylece Guinness\u2019in kremal\u0131 k\u00f6p\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne neden olur.<\/p>\n<p>Birada benzer k\u00f6p\u00fck olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in Fosters marka bira da taban\u0131na lazer yoluyla daireler i\u015flenmi\u015f \u00f6zel bardaklarla servis yapmaktad\u0131r. Bu daireler, biradaki karbondioksit baloncuklar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 merkezden olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, b\u00f6ylece biran\u0131n daha k\u00f6p\u00fckl\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"media-landscape body-width no-caption\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"js-image-replace\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/ws\/625\/amz\/worldservice\/live\/assets\/images\/2015\/01\/02\/150102161754_beer_bottle_464x261_bbc_nocredit.jpg?resize=464%2C261\" alt=\"\" width=\"464\" height=\"261\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>Bu k\u00f6p\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn i\u015flevi sadece g\u00f6rsel de\u011fildir. Birada \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olan karbondioksit ya da nitrojen miktar\u0131n\u0131n tad\u0131 \u00fczerinde de \u00f6nemli etkisi vard\u0131r. Uzmanlar, ayn\u0131 tatl\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131na sahip iki biran\u0131n karbonasyon miktar\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar nedeniyle farkl\u0131 tatlar b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, karbonasyondaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n tatl\u0131l\u0131k hissini azaltaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n<p>Biran\u0131n sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fi\u015fenin de tad\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkisi vard\u0131r. Bira, \u0131\u015f\u0131k etkisiyle tad\u0131 bozulmas\u0131n diye kahverengi veya ye\u015fil \u015fi\u015felerde saklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"story-body__crosshead\">Yeni aray\u0131\u015flar<\/h2>\n<p>Baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticiler ise imalat s\u00fcrecinin getirdi\u011fi belirsizlikleri yeni tatlar yaratman\u0131n arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131yor.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2391751107\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"media-landscape body-width no-caption\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"js-image-replace\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/ws\/625\/amz\/worldservice\/live\/assets\/images\/2015\/01\/02\/150102161914_beer_bubbles_464x261_bbc_nocredit.jpg?resize=464%2C261\" alt=\"\" width=\"464\" height=\"261\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>Do\u011fada mayan\u0131n \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitleri oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in baz\u0131lar\u0131 da farkl\u0131 mayalarla biraya yeni bir tarz katmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u00d6yle ki, Amerika\u2019da Rogue Ales (Haydut Bira) adl\u0131 bir firma, ba\u015f dam\u0131t\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sakal\u0131ndan al\u0131nan bir mayay\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Londra\u2019daki bir ba\u015fka \u00fcretici ise meyve bah\u00e7eleri ve ma\u011faralardan yeni maya edinme yoluna ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Bakteriler ve mayalar konusundaki bilgimizin son birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131lda artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten uzmanlar bug\u00fcne deneme yan\u0131lma yoluyla gelindi\u011fini belirtiyor.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hakk\u0131nda en fazla konu\u015fulan maya t\u00fcr\u00fc <i>brettanomises<\/i>. Y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r maya k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131lan bu t\u00fcr, bug\u00fcn pop\u00fcler k\u0131l\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan \u201cek\u015fi bira\u201d yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Di\u011fer biralar\u0131n tersine bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn tad\u0131 bekledik\u00e7e daha g\u00fczel bir hal al\u0131yor. Bu y\u00fczden baz\u0131 bira \u00fcreticileri eski \u015farap varillerini sat\u0131n alarak biray\u0131 y\u0131llarca onlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde bekletmeyi deniyor.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"media-landscape body-width no-caption\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"js-image-replace\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/ws\/625\/amz\/worldservice\/live\/assets\/images\/2015\/01\/02\/150102161837_yeast_464x261_bbc_nocredit.jpg?resize=464%2C261\" alt=\"\" width=\"464\" height=\"261\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>Ancak bira \u00fcretiminde t\u00fcm bu yarat\u0131c\u0131 giri\u015fimler, dikkatli bir metodoloji ve s\u00fcrekli ayn\u0131 tad\u0131 \u00fcretmeyi sa\u011flayan bilimle birle\u015fti\u011finde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oluyor. O y\u00fczden bira \u00fcreticileri \u201cbira mayalamak bir sanatt\u0131r, ama ard\u0131nda epey bilimsel y\u00f6ntem de yatar,\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n<p><i>Bu makalenin <strong><a class=\"story-body__link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/story\/20141210-the-secret-world-of-beer\">\u0130ngilizce<\/a><\/strong> asl\u0131n\u0131 <strong><a class=\"story-body__link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\">BBC Future<\/a><\/strong>\u2019da okuyabilirsiniz.<\/i><\/p><div id=\"bghab-1868267854\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bghab-3413455749\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Baz\u0131lar\u0131 bira yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sanat olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr; fakat geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 \u00fcretim s\u00f6z konusuysa orada bilim devreye girer. \u0130ster hevesli bir amat\u00f6r, ister \u00fcnl\u00fc bir bira \u00fcreticisi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":12884,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/3-kiz-biraraya-geldiginde-konusulan-3-muhim-sey_305752.jpg?fit=600%2C704&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-3lN","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12883"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12883\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12884"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12883"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12883"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}