{"id":11996,"date":"2014-11-12T23:47:22","date_gmt":"2014-11-12T21:47:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=11996"},"modified":"2014-11-12T23:47:22","modified_gmt":"2014-11-12T21:47:22","slug":"bulgaristani-degistirmeyen-25-yil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/bulgaristani-degistirmeyen-25-yil\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131 \u201cde\u011fi\u015ftirmeyen\u201d 25 y\u0131l"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Bundan \u00e7eyrek as\u0131r \u00f6nce , \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda galip \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fc\u00e7lerin Avrupa\u2019da tesis etti\u011fi stat\u00fcko, Richter \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fine g\u00f6re 9 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte bir sars\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131 denilebilir. Bu sars\u0131nt\u0131 beklenilir miydi, aniden mi geldi sorusuna \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki nesiller cevap verebilecek. 44 y\u0131l s\u00fcren \u201cSo\u011fuk sava\u015f\u201d d\u00f6nemi ve Do\u011fu ile Bat\u0131 aras\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7il ya\u015fam y\u0131llar\u0131 ard\u0131ndan Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, ABD ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Yalta\u2019da temaslar\u0131 ve Nazi Almanya\u2019s\u0131 \u00fczerindeki zaferi 20. asr\u0131n sonunda art\u0131k ge\u00e7ersiz kald\u0131. De\u011fi\u015fim r\u00fczgar\u0131 1989 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonbahar\u0131nda esti. Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019da Sovyetler Birli\u011finin \u201cuydusu\u201d olarak nitelenen sosyalist \u00fclkeler Moskova ile g\u00f6bek ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kopard\u0131. Bu ba\u011fdan ucuz yak\u0131t ve do\u011falgaz ak\u0131yordu, buna ra\u011fmen bu ba\u011flant\u0131lar kesildi ve \u00fclkeler Bat\u0131 de\u011ferlerine do\u011fru kendi yolunda rota tuttu.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u201cSo\u011fuk sava\u015f\u201d galipleri, ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6neminin ve demokrasinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda bilgi talimatlar\u0131 vermi\u015f olsa da, bu kullan\u0131m talimat\u0131 en az\u0131ndan Bulgaristan\u2019da \u015feytan\u0131n \u0130ncil\u2019i okur kadar etkili oldu!<\/p>\n<p>10 Kas\u0131m 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda Komunist Partisi Merkez Kurulu BKP Genel Sekreteri Todor Jivkov&#8217;un istifas\u0131n\u0131 onayl\u0131yor. BKP liderinin iktidardan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, Bulgaristan&#8217;da demokrasi ve liberal piyasa ekonomisine ge\u00e7i\u015fin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oalrak alg\u0131lan\u0131yor. 10 Kas\u0131m Kongresi, devlet y\u00f6netiminin Anayasayla de\u011fi\u015fmesi ve &#8220;sessiz darbe&#8221; olarak niteleniyor.<\/p>\n<p>10 Kas\u0131m 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bulgaristan, 45 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu sosyalist rejim ve Do\u011fu Blokun kapal\u0131 sisteminden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, serbest piyasa ekonomisine ge\u00e7iyor. Bu tarihten sonraki yank\u0131lanmalar ve tart\u0131\u015fmalar s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bu g\u00fcnden sonra \u00fclkede neler de\u011fi\u015fti?<\/p>\n<p>Todor Jivkov rejiminin noksanlar\u0131 o zamana kadar hep has\u0131r alt\u0131ndan, gizli gizli ele\u015ftirilirdi. 1989 sonras\u0131 Bulgar vatanda\u015flar\u0131 art\u0131k sokaklara da d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc, protestolar\u0131n\u0131 meydanlara ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Eylemlerde sokaklar insanlarla ta\u015ft\u0131, yol kav\u015faklar\u0131 kapat\u0131ld\u0131 vs. BKP\u2019nin yay\u0131n organ\u0131 \u201cRabotni\u00e7esko delo\u201d rakipleri taraf\u0131ndan yok edilmeye y\u00fcz tuttu. \u00d6zel gazeteler g\u00fcndemi belirlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n yeni kaderini belirleyecek ve parlamentoda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koyacak bir d\u00fczine yeni partiler mantar gibi t\u00fcredi.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3902162250\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bulgaristan NATO \u00fcyesi oldu, 2007\u2019de AB\u2019nin tam hakl\u0131 \u00fcyeli\u011fine kabul edildi.<\/p>\n<p>Br\u00fcksel \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir maske arkas\u0131na gizlenen \u00fclke, g\u00fcya demokratik bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcme sahip. Serbest se\u00e7imler, parlamentoda tart\u0131\u015fmalar h\u00fcr, yasalar kabul ediliyor, bas\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri ele\u015ftiriyor, Avrupa talimatlar\u0131 yerine getiriliyor&#8230; B\u00f6yle bir manzara var d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Fakat bu maske arkas\u0131nda gri bir bo\u015fluk var ki, politikan\u0131n, ekonomiyle, organize su\u00e7 unsurlar\u0131yla, lobicilik ve oligar\u015fiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir yap\u0131 ortada. Partiler, vatanda\u015flar\u0131 temsil etmek yerine, mali ak\u0131mlar\u0131 kontrol eden, Avrupa fon kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tan ve payla\u015ft\u0131ran kesme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.\u00a0 Bug\u00fcn art\u0131k daha \u00e7ok kulis arkas\u0131ndaki oyunlar, mafyan\u0131n siyasetin \u00fcst katmanlara s\u0131zmas\u0131, heryerde yo\u011f\u0131n olan yolsuzluk ve r\u00fc\u015fvet\u00e7ilik olaylar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme geliyor. Bundan hi\u00e7kimse korkmuyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Bulgar yarg\u0131s\u0131 yer alt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek babalar\u0131ndan hi\u00e7birini hapse atm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil.<\/p>\n<p>Bulgaristan\u2019a has bu s\u00f6zde demokrasi sistemi sayesinde, oligar\u015fi \u00e7evrelerin etkisiyle, 25 y\u0131l sonra \u00fclkemiz AB\u2019nin en yoksul \u00fclkesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Marketlerden ilk ihtiya\u00e7 olan malalr\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015f piyasalar\u0131ndan daha pahal\u0131ya sat\u0131l\u0131yor. Ortalamaa ayl\u0131k maa\u015f ise 400 euroyu ge\u00e7miyor.<\/p>\n<p>25 y\u0131l\u0131n sosyal boyutu pek olumlu tablo \u00e7izmiyor. E\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemi son nefesini vermek \u00fczere terkedildi. N\u00fcfus ise \u00e7ok endi\u015fe verici boyutta azal\u0131yor.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2788225125\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1.5 milyon Bulgaristan vatanda\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. Elonomik g\u00f6\u00e7 hala s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bunun temelinde daha da endi\u015fe edici durum, bilgili, ayd\u0131n, iyi e\u011fitimli gen\u00e7lerin ve ihtisas sahibi olan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n da Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131 terkediyor olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun sonucunda Bulgaristan bili\u015fim, sa\u011fl\u0131k, t\u0131p, avant-garde teknolojiler gibi alanlarda kan kaybediyor ve uzman eksikli\u011fi \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7eviri: Sevda D\u00fckkanc\u0131<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-3630048348\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bundan \u00e7eyrek as\u0131r \u00f6nce , \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda galip \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fc\u00e7lerin Avrupa\u2019da tesis etti\u011fi stat\u00fcko, Richter \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fine g\u00f6re 9 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte bir sars\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131 denilebilir. Bu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":11997,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/sabri2.jpg?fit=850%2C478&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-37u","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11996","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11996"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11996\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11997"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}