Bulgaristan ekonomisi, yava\u015f yava\u015f kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rden \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Bu sonuca Bulgaristan\u2019daki End\u00fcstri Sermayesi Derne\u011fi yetkilileri vard\u0131. Bulgaristan\u2019daki End\u00fcstri Sermayesi Derne\u011fi, be\u015f y\u0131ldan beri \u00fclkemizdeki kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonominin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00f6nlemesi i\u00e7in bir proje \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 pratikler, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f toplumlar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131ndan bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan olumsuz bir olgudur. \u00dclkemizde ama s\u00f6z konusu kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 pratiklere m\u00fclkiyet de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 1990 ile 2000 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck ivme kazand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bunun sonucunda 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonomi, GSYH\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fczde 36-40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Bu, i\u015fini d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fctenleri yasay\u0131 ihlal edenlere nazaran \u00e7ok elveri\u015fsiz bir konuma koydu. Proje kapsam\u0131nda dernekten uzmanlar, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonominin izlenmesi i\u00e7in \u201ckompozit g\u00f6stergesi\u201d adl\u0131 yeni bir g\u00f6sterge yapt\u0131. Bu yeni g\u00f6stergenin 2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki ilk hesaplanmas\u0131nda de\u011fer 100\u2019den 63 iken ge\u00e7en sene 100\u2019den 68 idi. Uzman Prof. Dr. Stefan Petranov\u2019a g\u00f6re ekonomimiz, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rden 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda ve 2012 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/b><\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Stefan Petranov\u2019un bunun i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle: \u201cBu, yazarkasalar\u0131n Milli Gelirler Ajans\u0131 ile zorunlu online ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, benzin istasyonlar\u0131nda, alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ecek \u00fcreticilerinde ve r\u00fcsum vergili mal depolar\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7me cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe getirildi\u011fi d\u00f6nem idi. B\u00fct\u00e7edeki sorunlar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden yo\u011fun \u00f6nlem al\u0131n\u0131yordu.\u201d<\/p>\n
2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonomi, KDV ile doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, AB d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fclkelerle ticarette g\u00fcmr\u00fck prosed\u00fcrleri, t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, hizmet alanlar\u0131nda kasa tahsilat\u0131 vermemesi ve s\u00f6zde toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri alanlar\u0131ndayd\u0131. Turizm, altyap\u0131 in\u015faat\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve tar\u0131m, en \u00e7ok kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 pratiklerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerdir.<\/p>\n
\u201cKay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 pratikler, makina in\u015faat\u0131, posta hizmetleri, gemi in\u015faat\u0131 ve tamirat\u0131 bran\u015flar\u0131nda en azd\u0131r. Gemi in\u015faat\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011fu i\u015fletme, d\u0131\u015f ortaklarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor ve kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 pratiklere ba\u015fvuram\u0131yor\u201d diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor proje kapsam\u0131nda sosyolog Do\u00e7. Dr. Emiliya \u00c7engelova. Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonominin Kuzey Bulgaristan\u2019da ve \u00f6zellikle Vidin, T\u0131rgovi\u015fte, Razgrad, Montana, \u015eumen ve Pleven \u015fehirlerinde ciddi bir pay\u0131 var. Veliko T\u0131rnovo ve K\u00fcstendil\u2019de i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131 en ciddi iyile\u015fme kaydetmi\u015ftir. Bulgaristan\u2019daki End\u00fcstri Sermayesi Derne\u011fi, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle i\u015fledi\u011fi 18 kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 pratik kaydetmi\u015ftir. Bunlar, zamanla nas\u0131l geli\u015fti acaba. Do\u00e7. Dr. Emiliya \u00c7engelova\u2019n\u0131n bu konudaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri \u015f\u00f6yle: \u201cBu kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 pratiklerin kapsam\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ortak bir e\u011filim var. S\u00f6zle\u015fme olmadan istihdam etme olaylar\u0131nda bile yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya azalma e\u011filimi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bizi kayg\u0131land\u0131rmaya devam eden tek pratik, s\u00f6zde toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleridir. Bu durumlarda s\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki \u00fccret ger\u00e7ek de\u011fildir, nakit olarak ek \u00fccret veriliyor. Bu kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 pratikle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kam\u0131yoruz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunun gibi doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131klara hala ba\u015fvuruluyor. 3-4 y\u0131ldan bu yana ba\u015fka bir e\u011filim de g\u00f6zlemleniyor. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda tedarik\u00e7ilerine bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demeyen \u015firketler, y\u00fczde 15 iken, 2013\u2019te d\u00f6rtte birdir. Bu y\u0131l ilk defa bunda azalma kaydediyoruz.\u201d<\/p>\n
Bulgaristan\u2019daki End\u00fcstri Sermayesi Derne\u011fi, toplumun kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 pratiklere tahamm\u00fcls\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc olumlu bir e\u011filim olarak nitelendiriyor. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda istihdam edilenlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 bunlar\u0131 ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcrken, bug\u00fcne dek bu ki\u015fileri say\u0131s\u0131 yar\u0131ya indirilmi\u015ftir. Elde edilen sonu\u00e7lara ra\u011fmen Bulgaristan, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonomi pay\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu AB \u00fcye \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda kalmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>