{"id":11763,"date":"2014-10-28T14:01:04","date_gmt":"2014-10-28T12:01:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=11763"},"modified":"2014-10-28T14:01:04","modified_gmt":"2014-10-28T12:01:04","slug":"ilk-bulgar-secim-pusulalari-fasulye-ve-misir-tanelerinden-ibaret","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/ilk-bulgar-secim-pusulalari-fasulye-ve-misir-tanelerinden-ibaret\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130lk Bulgar se\u00e7im pusulalar\u0131 fasulye ve m\u0131s\u0131r tanelerinden ibaret"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>\u00d6zg\u00fcr Bulgaristan\u2019da yap\u0131lan ilk Parlamento se\u00e7imlerini hat\u0131rlat\u0131rken, bu se\u00e7imlerin bereketli fasulye ve m\u0131s\u0131r hasad\u0131 sayesinde d\u00fczenlediklerini de s\u00f6yleyelim. 10 \u015eubat 1879 tarihinde Veliko T\u0131rnovo \u015fehrinde toplanan Kurucu Meclisi taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rland\u0131. 1877 \u2013 1878 Rus \u2013T\u00fcrk sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra \u00fclkemizin Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011finden kurtulu\u015fundan sonra ilk Halk Meclisi o zaman kuruldu.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Bulgar anayasas\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 T\u0131rnovo \u015fehrinde 10 \u015eubat 1879 tarihinde olu\u015fturulan Kurucu Meclis \u00fcstleniyor. \u0130lk milletvekilleri \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sava\u015flar\u0131na kat\u0131lanlar, aralar\u0131nda Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da \u00f6nde gelen \u00fcniversite mezunlar\u0131 olan ki\u015filer olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n<p>Bu ki\u015filer fasulye ve m\u0131s\u0131r taneleri ile se\u00e7ilmi\u015f. Bunun nedeni o zamanlarda okuma yazmas\u0131 olan n\u00fcfus oran\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu fikir asl\u0131nda Antik Yunansitan\u2019dan gelmedir.Orada eski zamanlarda se\u00e7imler fasulye taneleri ile yap\u0131l\u0131yormu\u015f. Adaylar kasklar\u0131n\u0131 ters \u00e7eviriyormu\u015f ve halk oyunu bir fasulye tanesi ile veriyormu\u015f. Ondan sonra kasklarda taneler say\u0131l\u0131yormu\u015f. En \u00e7ok say\u0131da fasulye toplayan kazan\u0131yormu\u015f. \u0130\u015fte insano\u011flunun tarihinde ilk gizli oy b\u00f6yle yap\u0131l\u0131yormu\u015f. Bulgaristan\u2019da bu fikir biraz daha geli\u015ftirerek, m\u0131s\u0131r taneleri de ekleniyor. M\u0131s\u0131r\u00a0 olumsuz oy olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Ama halk\u0131n en onurlu ki\u015fileri se\u00e7ti\u011fi ve Halk Meclisine g\u00f6nderdi s\u00f6ylenemez, ne o zaman i\u00e7in ne de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenemez. Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n Parlamento tarihini ara\u015ft\u0131ran yazar Rosen Tahov bir \u00f6rnek veriyor , o zamanki Rus\u00e7uk \u015fehrinden \u0130van\u00e7o Hacipen\u00e7ovi\u00e7\u2019i anlat\u0131rken.<\/p>\n<p>\u2018\u0130van Hacipen\u00e7ovi\u00e7 \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck havarisi Vasil Levski\u2019nin idam cezas\u0131n\u0131 imzalayan ki\u015fidir. 1872-73 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yarg\u0131 Komsiyon \u00fcyesidir. Kurtulu\u015ftan sonra Rus\u00e7uklular onu onurlu bir hem\u015fehirleri olarak fasulye tanesi ile Kurucu Meclis \u00fcyesi yap\u0131yorlar. Ve i\u015fte \u0130van\u00e7o Hacipen\u00e7ovi\u00e7\u2019in imzas\u0131 Bulgaristan tarihindeki iki belgenin alt\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor \u2013 Vasil Levski\u2019nin idam cezas\u0131 alt\u0131nda ve T\u0131rnovo Anayas\u0131 alt\u0131nda.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>Rosen Tahov\u2019a g\u00f6re bizim Parlamento tarihimizde bug\u00fcne kadar korunmu\u015f y\u00f6ntemler var:<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3754407952\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static.bnr.bg\/gallery\/40\/40a7593b56143eb2f065d551f5c4da09.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"\u0421\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0430\" \/>\u2018Demagojinin anavatan\u0131 Yunanistan\u2019d\u0131r. Bulgar demagojisinin babas\u0131n\u0131n ismi Mihail Takev. Takev o zamanki y\u0131llarda Demokrat partisinden bir siyaset\u00e7i. Bir k\u00f6ye gider ve konu\u015fma yapar. Vaatler bereket ya\u011fmuru gibi ak\u0131yor. En sonunda k\u00f6yde geni\u015f , g\u00fczel bir k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn in\u015fa edilece\u011fini vaat ediyor. Meydanda bulunan k\u00f6yl\u00fclerden daha cesaretli birisi, \u2018Say\u0131n Takev, ama burada nehir yok\u2019 der. Mihail Takev istifini hi\u00e7 bozmadan: \u2018Siz rahat olun\u2019 say\u0131n k\u00f6yl\u00fc , nehir de getirece\u011fiz sizlere\u2019 diye cevap verir.\u2019 G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de\u00a0 kurallara uymayarak\u00a0 se\u00e7im kazanmalar\u0131na\u00a0 tan\u0131k oluyoruz. Rosen Tahov anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n<p>\u2018Ben 1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir Bulgar milletvekillinin\u00a0 se\u00e7imleri nas\u0131l kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatmak isterim. \u0130smi\u00a0 Anton Frangya. Progresivliberal\u00a0 partiden siyaset\u00e7i ve avukat. Bir ara Bakan da oluyor. Onun rakibi\u00a0 ise Stoyan Mihaylovski. \u2013 \u00fcnl\u00fc Bulgar yazar, toplumcu. \u0130kisi Nova Zagora \u015fehrinde se\u00e7im \u00f6ncesi mitinge gidiyor. Stoyan Mihaylovski bir balkondan\u00a0 konu\u015fma yap\u0131yor. Kendisi Frans\u0131z e\u011fitimli, demokrasinin prensipleri konusunda bilgi\u00a0 veriyor ahaliye. Eski Yunansitan\u2019\u0131\u00a0 Roma\u2019y\u0131 anlat\u0131yor ve konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 Vive la republique! Vive la democrate!\u00a0 &#8211; Ya\u015fas\u0131n cumhuriyet! , Ya\u015fas\u0131n demokrasi! Sloganlar\u0131yla\u00a0 tamaml\u0131yor. Bu s\u00f6zleri anlamayan k\u00f6yl\u00fclere hitap eden di\u011fer aday\u00a0 Frangya\u00a0 halka sesleniyor: \u2018Siz onun ne dedi\u011fini duydunuz mu? Bana Ulah\u00e7a k\u00fcf\u00fcr etti\u2019 der ve halk da ona inan\u0131r . B\u00f6ylece Anton Frangya\u00a0 se\u00e7imleri kazan\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bazen b\u00f6yle de Halk Meclisine girilirmi\u015f,\u00a0 hileyle, karalamayla.<\/p>\n<p>Rosen Tahov Bulgar se\u00e7imlerinde kullan\u0131lan\u00a0 de\u011fi\u015fik\u00a0 ara\u00e7lar\u0131 anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n<p>\u2018Ba\u015fta sopa y\u00f6ntemi vard\u0131. 3. B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi se\u00e7imlerinde iri adamlar ellerinde Anayasa yaz\u0131l\u0131\u00a0 sopalarla gezermi\u015f. Bu Meclis Svi\u015ftov \u015fehrinde toplan\u0131r ve Prens\u00a0 Aleksand\u0131r Batenberg\u2019e ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetki veriyor, o da Anayasay\u0131 iptal ediyor.\u00a0 Sopa d\u00f6nemi tarihte kal\u0131yor, fakat demagoji ebedidir. Bir yeni ara\u00e7 da var, \u00c7ingene oyu.Bu da eski zamanlardan beri kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130lk kez\u00a0 Liberal parti \u00fcyesi\u00a0 Nikola Suknarov taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Ondan sonra Aleko Konstantino\u2019vu hat\u0131rlamal\u0131y\u0131z. \u2018Mumlar\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi anlat\u0131yor. Bir zamanlar ba\u015fbakan g\u00f6revinde de olan Konstantin Stoilov\u2019un\u00a0 rakibi\u00a0 Dragan Tsankov\u00a0 se\u00e7imleri kazanmak \u00fczere. Stoilov\u00a0 Byala Slatina \u015fehrine\u00a0 telgraf g\u00f6nderiyor: \u2018Son \u00e7are olarak mumlar\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcn ve sand\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fczeltin\u2019 .Buna\u00a0 ahlak etkisi ismi veriyor. Stoilov\u2019a g\u00f6re iktidarda olan h\u00fck\u00fcmetin, se\u00e7menler \u00fczerinde ahlaki etkide bulunma\u00a0 hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi: M\u00fcjgan Baharova<\/p><div id=\"bghab-4089023745\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bghab-3419750293\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00d6zg\u00fcr Bulgaristan\u2019da yap\u0131lan ilk Parlamento se\u00e7imlerini hat\u0131rlat\u0131rken, bu se\u00e7imlerin bereketli fasulye ve m\u0131s\u0131r hasad\u0131 sayesinde d\u00fczenlediklerini de s\u00f6yleyelim. 10 \u015eubat 1879 tarihinde Veliko T\u0131rnovo \u015fehrinde<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":11764,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egitim"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/114.jpg?fit=850%2C478&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-33J","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11763","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11763"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11763\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11764"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11763"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11763"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11763"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}