{"id":10948,"date":"2014-08-06T23:35:54","date_gmt":"2014-08-06T20:35:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=10948"},"modified":"2014-08-06T23:35:54","modified_gmt":"2014-08-06T20:35:54","slug":"yeni-etnik-model-gerekli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/yeni-etnik-model-gerekli\/","title":{"rendered":"Yeni Etnik Model Gerekli"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dr.M\u00fcjgan DEN\u0130Z<\/p>\n<p><em>Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk Halk Toplulu\u011funun<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0ETNO K\u00dcLT\u00dcREL VE D\u0130NSEL K\u0130ML\u0130\u011e\u0130 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0kitab\u0131ndan bir al\u0131nt\u0131. Sayfa 360-62).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Y\u0131l: 2014.<\/em><\/p><div id=\"bghab-2299640314\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Yazar: \u0130brahim Yal\u0131mov.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Sofya Y\u00fcksek \u0130slam Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bulgar etnik modelinin karakteri ve rol\u00fc \u00fcst\u00fcne a\u00e7\u0131k oturumda tart\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan iki \u00fc\u00e7 denemede ve biriken yirmi y\u0131ll\u0131k deneyim esas al\u0131narak, bu konuda daha kesin sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131karma zaman\u0131 geldi. Bunlar aras\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli olan, bizdeki demokratik reformlar\u0131n daha ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda\u00a0 \u201cBulgarla\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcreci\u201d sonucunda beliren etnik bunal\u0131m\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm modelinin olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131d\u0131r. 2008\u2019in Kas\u0131m ay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda Bulgar Ulusal Televizyonu\u2019nda bir konu\u015fma yapan <strong>P.E.Mitev<\/strong>, \u201cEtnik Modelin\u201d bir <strong>Ge\u00e7i\u015f D\u00f6nemi modeli<\/strong> oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Bu model, Balkan Yar\u0131madas\u0131 y\u00f6resinde en \u015fiddetli bizde ba\u015f g\u00f6steren, etnik krizin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. \u00d6ncelikle sivil toplum sayesinde, bu modelin de yard\u0131m\u0131yla kriz bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya b\u00fcy\u00fcmeden a\u015f\u0131labildi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Somut duruma g\u00f6re ve somut hedefle geli\u015ftirilen bu model ge\u00e7iciydi, daha \u00f6te geli\u015ftirilmedi\u011fi gibi i\u00e7eri\u011fi de a\u00e7\u0131klanmad\u0131. De\u011fi\u015fik bilim ve politika adamlar\u0131 \u201c<strong>Bulgar Etnik Modeli<\/strong>\u201d (<strong>Ahmet Do\u011fan modeli olarak bilinir<\/strong> ve 25 y\u0131ldan beri Hak ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Partisi (DPS) taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6zde uygulan\u0131yor.) kavram\u0131na \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ve hatta birbiriyle tezatl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulundu. De\u011fi\u015fik yay\u0131n m\u00fcelliflerinin y\u00f6nleri farkl\u0131 tan\u0131mlar\u0131nda bunu g\u00f6rebilmek olas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u015eimdiki \u015fekliyle, Ge\u00e7i\u015f D\u00f6neminde olu\u015fan etnikler aras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerdeki ger\u00e7ekliklere uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, Avrupa Birli\u011fi istemleriyle uyumlu olunmas\u0131 k\u0131stas\u0131na de ters olan yanlar\u0131 var.<\/strong> Toplumda etnik d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n devam etmesi bu sonucu \u00f6ne \u00e7ekmemize vesiledir. \u015eimdiki model az\u0131nl\u0131k halk topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n sosyal durumunun iyile\u015ftirilmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131yor. Tam tersine, Pazar ekonomisi saplant\u0131s\u0131 az\u0131nl\u0131k n\u00fcfusun toplu halde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ekonomik durumun k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmesine, i\u015fsizli\u011fin artmas\u0131na ve d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelere gidenlerin say\u0131s\u0131nda s\u0131\u00e7ramal\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye neden oldu. Etnik az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcn k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferleriyle \u00fclkenin k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat ya\u015fam\u0131na tam anlaml\u0131 kat\u0131lma kap\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lamad\u0131.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-4259646768\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bulgar etnik modeli kamuoyunda ve politik g\u00fc\u00e7lerde destek bulamad\u0131. Kamuoyunun daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olan k\u0131sm\u0131 <strong>etniklerin \u00f6zg\u00fcn k\u00fclt\u00fcrleriyle ya\u015famas\u0131 gere\u011fi duydu\u011funu anlay\u0131p desteklemek istemiyor.<\/strong> Politik s\u0131n\u0131f da \u00f6zg\u00fcn k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn tarihsel rol\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rebilmekte zorlan\u0131yor. <strong>Demokratik G\u00fc\u00e7ler Birli\u011fi<\/strong> (SDS) ile <strong>G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Bulgaristan Hareket<\/strong>i (DSB)\u00a0 Bulgar etnik modelinin iyi sonu\u00e7 verece\u011finden ku\u015fkuland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 gizlemezken, <strong>GERB<\/strong> partisi bu konuda dut yemi\u015f b\u00fclb\u00fcl gibi susuyor. \u201c<strong>Ataka<\/strong>\u201d, \u201c<strong>Nizam Yasall\u0131k ve Adalet<\/strong>\u201d (RZS) ve <strong>Makedonya \u0130\u00e7 Devrim \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc<\/strong> (VMRO) partileri i\u00e7im ise \u201cEtnik model\u201d en b\u00fcy\u00fck felaket olu\u015fturdu\u011fundan, kesin olarak ret ediyorlar. <strong>Bulgaristan Sosyalist Partisi <\/strong>(BSP) ile <strong>Hak ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Partisi <\/strong>(H\u00d6H-DPS) bu modelli ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uygun olarak kullan\u0131yor ve onunla belirli politik hedefler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bu model, az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n etnik k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kimliklerini korumas\u0131n\u0131 garantili bi\u00e7imde sa\u011flayamaz. Bu modelle, \u00e7o\u011funluk lehinde bir imtiyazl\u0131 bir durum garanti edilmekte ve y\u00f6netici kesimin (iktidar\u0131n) etnik az\u0131nl\u0131k problemlerine e\u011filmemesi onlarla ilgilenmemesi garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bulgar bilim adam\u0131 ve analizcilerinden daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131n da savunduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere g\u00f6re, bu model Bulgaristan n\u00fcfusuna dahil olan en kalabal\u0131k etnik az\u0131nl\u0131k olan Rom az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ise kapsam\u0131na bile alm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Balkan \u00fclkelerinde bizdeki etnik modele benzeyen hi\u00e7bir model yoktur. <strong>Macaristan, Romanya<\/strong> ve di\u011fer devletler etnik sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmede olumlu deneyim birikimi yapt\u0131. Onlar, etniklerin politik temsilcili\u011fi konusunda daha etkili sistem geli\u015ftirdi. <strong>Macaristan Anayasas\u0131<\/strong>, az\u0131nl\u0131klara kendi sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek amac\u0131yla devlet organlar\u0131na \u00f6neri sunma hakk\u0131 getirmi\u015ftir. Romanya\u2019da Macar az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ana dili anaokullar\u0131nda, ilkokullarda ve \u00fcniversitelerde okutuluyor. Bizim geli\u015ftirilmemi\u015f, \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fc etnik modelimizle k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu iki \u00fclkenin deneyimleri daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBizde etnik model konusunda sadece ge\u00e7mi\u015fimize ili\u015fkin olarak bir \u015feyler konu\u015fabiliriz\u2026\u201d1<\/p>\n<p>Bu konuda biz de D. K\u00fcranov\u2019un bu s\u00f6zlerine kat\u0131lmak zorunda kal\u0131yoruz.\u00a0 Bug\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ve gelece\u011fimiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Bulgaristan\u2019da sonu\u00e7 verecek bir etnik model oldu\u011funu savunmam\u0131z ve kan\u0131tlamam\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 olur. Hakikatten, bas\u0131nda, radyo ve TV yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda s\u0131k s\u0131k bir \u201cetnik model\u201dde s\u00f6z ediliyor. Fakat bu s\u00f6ylev, problem \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in de\u011fil,\u00a0 \u00f6ncelikle Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) ve kom\u015fu \u00fclkeler \u00f6n\u00fcnde olumlu bir sima yaratmak i\u00e7in istifade ediliyor. Olay\u0131 nesnel olarak irdeledi\u011fimizde, Bulgar etnik modeli \u00e7oktan kendini yiyip bitirmi\u015ftir, t\u00fckenmi\u015ftir, \u00f6zs\u00fcz bir ideoloji durumuna gelmi\u015ftir, bu arada g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc ve do\u011fal olarak asimilasyonu \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p bir \u015fey olmuyormu\u015f gibi dayatan ideolojiye politik k\u0131l\u0131f olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-330405485\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ku\u015fkusuz b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, Bulgaristan bir etnik model gereksinimi duymuyor anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Bulgar etnik modelinin yenilenerek geli\u015ftirilmesi gerekiyor. Bu geli\u015ftirilerek yetkinle\u015ftirme orta planda olmak \u00fczere, ulusal oldu\u011fu gibi etnik kimli\u011fin yeniden \u00fcretilerek bi\u00e7imlendirilmesi ilke ve mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 sunmak zorundad\u0131r.\u00a0 Kamuoyunda derinden derine tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra resmen ve hukuksal kimlik kazand\u0131ktan sonra, t\u00fcm etnik halk topluluklar\u0131n\u0131 kapsam\u0131na alacak bir bi\u00e7imde olmak \u00fczere devaml\u0131l\u0131k ilkesine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir devlet politikas\u0131 olarak uygulan\u0131p ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmelidir. Bulgar etnik modeli \u015fimdiki \u015fekliyle korunmaya ve uygulanmaya devam etti\u011fi takdirde, gizli <strong>\u201ceritme\u201d ve \u201casimile ederek\u201d \u201cBulgarla\u015ft\u0131rma\u201d<\/strong> politikas\u0131nda yani gizli \u015feklinde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken, Bulgaristan\u2019da ya\u015fayan az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n etnik, dini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kimlikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tehlike yaratmaya ve olmaya devam edecektir.<\/p>\n<p>Devam edecek.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1) K\u00fcranov D. \u201cKapital\u201d gazetesi,\u00a0 -ETN\u0130K D\u00dc\u011e\u00dcM.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-1459298836\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dr.M\u00fcjgan DEN\u0130Z Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk Halk Toplulu\u011funun \u00a0ETNO K\u00dcLT\u00dcREL VE D\u0130NSEL K\u0130ML\u0130\u011e\u0130 \u00a0kitab\u0131ndan bir al\u0131nt\u0131. Sayfa 360-62). Y\u0131l: 2014. Yazar: \u0130brahim Yal\u0131mov. Sofya Y\u00fcksek \u0130slam Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":9034,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10948","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-2QA","jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Mujgan-deniz.jpg?fit=217%2C272&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10948","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10948"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10948\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10948"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10948"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10948"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}